Philosophical Skepticism

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Why everything you believe might be wrong

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Duration: 9:43
Updated: 01 Aug 2013

In this video, after a brief introduction to philosophical skepticism, I ask the viewers to indulge in a philosophical mind-experiment; known as the "brain-i...

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Tibor Machan on Skepticism in Philosophy

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Duration: 8:11
Updated: 18 Jun 2013

Tibor Machan is professor emeritus of philosophy at Auburn University, the R.C. Hoiles Chair of Business Ethics and Free Enterprise at the Argyros School of ...

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Three Minute Philosophy: Rene Descartes

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Duration: 3:57
Updated: 19 Aug 2013

It's back at last! Pull up a stool as I take you through another fascinating, often painful, rapid-fire journey through the history of philosophy.

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Philosophical Skepticism

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Duration: 11:22
Updated: 28 Jul 2013

Skepticism is philosophy at its real, fundamental essence.

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Introduction to Philosophy: Lecture 13 - Skepticism and the Appearance/Reality Gap

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Duration: 44:01
Updated: 29 Jun 2013

This course explores various ways of understanding the human self and its relation to the world. Through a consideration of what can be known, what is worth ...

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SKEPTICISM (PHIL101)

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Duration: 9:52
Updated: 05 Jul 2013

This is a short experimentation in a philosophical mode known as skepticism. Rather than being an analytical approach to the subject, I trace out my thinking...

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The Philosopher's Abyss: Skepticism

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Duration: 2:29
Updated: 22 May 2013

My opinion of the description of skepticism and whay it means to me.

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Minecraft: Philosophical Scepticism - a flowchart

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Duration: 6:09
Updated: 06 May 2013

Hello! :) This is my first attempt to create a flow chart of the Cartesian scepticism in Minecraft. You will be able to literally walk through the main lines...

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Skepicism - What is Skepicism

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Duration: 0:48
Updated: 14 Sep 2013

http://dorsetghostinvestigators.tv/the-paranormal/skepticism/ PLEASE SUBSCRIBE & JOIN THE D.G.I FAMILY. Please follow us on twitter at https://twitter.com/DorsetghostDGI & like our facebook page at http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Dorset-Ghost-Investigators/259833150723729 Skepticism or scepticism (see spelling differences) is generally any questioning attitude towards knowledge, facts, or opinions/beliefs stated as facts, or doubt regarding claims that are taken for granted elsewhere. Philosophical skepticism is an overall approach that requires all information to be well supported by evidence. Classical philosophical skepticism derives from the 'Skeptikoi', a school who "asserted nothing". Adherents of Pyrrhonism, for instance, suspend judgment in investigations. Skeptics may even doubt the reliability of their own senses. Religious skepticism, on the other hand is "doubt concerning basic religious principles (such as immortality, providence, and revelation) Definition: In ordinary usage, skepticism (US) or scepticism (UK) (Greek: 'σκέπτομαι' skeptomai, to think, to look about, to consider; see also spelling differences) refers to: (a) an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object; (b) the doctrine that true knowledge or knowledge in a particular area is uncertain; or (c) the method of suspended judgment, systematic doubt, or criticism that is characteristic of skeptics (Merriam--Webster). In philosophy, skepticism refers more specifically to any one of several propositions. These include propositions about: (a) an inquiry, (b) a method of obtaining knowledge through systematic doubt and continual testing, (c) the arbitrariness, relativity, or subjectivity of moral values, (d) the limitations of knowledge, (e) a method of intellectual caution and suspended judgment. Philosophical skepticism: In philosophical skepticism, pyrrhonism is a position that refrains from making truth claims. A philosophical skeptic does not claim that truth is impossible (which would be a truth claim), instead it recommends "suspending belief". The label is commonly used to describe other philosophies which appear similar to philosophical skepticism, such as academic skepticism, an ancient variant of Platonism that claimed knowledge of truth was impossible. Empiricism is a closely related, but not identical, position to philosophical skepticism. Empiricists see empiricism as a pragmatic compromise between philosophical skepticism and nomothetic science; philosophical skepticism is in turn sometimes referred to as "radical empiricism." Philosophical skepticism originated in ancient Greek philosophy. The Greek Sophists of the 5th century BCE were partially skeptics. Pyrrho of Elis (365-275 BCE) is usually credited with founding the "school" of skepticism. He traveled to India and studied with the "gymnosophists" (naked lovers of wisdom), which could have been any number of Indian sects. From there, he brought back the idea that nothing can be known for certain. The senses are easily fooled, and reason follows too easily our desires. Pyrrhonism was a school of skepticism founded by his follower Aenesidemus in the first century BCE and recorded by Sextus Empiricus in the late 2nd century or early 3rd century CE. Subsequently, in the "New Academy" Arcesilaus (c. 315-241 BCE) and Carneades (c. 213-129 BCE) developed more theoretical perspectives by which conceptions of absolute truth and falsity were refuted as uncertain. Carneades criticized the views of the Dogmatists, especially supporters of Stoicism, asserting that absolute certainty of knowledge is impossible. Sextus Empiricus (c. CE 200), the main authority for Greek skepticism, developed the position further, incorporating aspects of empiricism into the basis for asserting knowledge. Greek skeptics criticized the Stoics, accusing them of dogmatism. For the skeptics, the logical mode of argument was untenable, as it relied on propositions which could not be said to be either true or false without relying on further propositions. Music credit to: Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)". Licensed under Creative Commons "Attribution 3.0" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Licence for Images in video: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.

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Voltaire (1694-1778)

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Duration: 42:09
Updated: 12 Aug 2013

François-Marie d'Arouet (1694--1778), better known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French writer and public activist who played a singular role in defining t...

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02-1-03 Problems of Philosophy Chart Exercise - Knowledge & Skepticism

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Duration: 2:19
Updated: 14 Oct 2013

02-1-03 Problems of Philosophy Chart Exercise - Knowledge & Skepticism Rich Legum - Classical Philosophy Course

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Putnam's Realism, Perception and Skepticism

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Duration: 48:13
Updated: 18 Jul 2013

Tim Button (Cambridge) gives a talk at the workshop on "Putnam's Model-Theoretic Arguments" (May 23, 2013) at the University of Munich. In this talk, Hilary ...

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External World Skepticism

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Duration: 53:14
Updated: 10 Nov 2013

C. Ulises Moulines (LMU) gives a talk at MCMP. The question "Is there anything besides me?" appears to be a most basic philosophical question. It is basic in an ontological, an epistemological, and—so it may be argued—also a semantic sense. It challenges our most fundamental categories of thought. To this question, four different answers may, in principle, be given: (1) a realist answer: "Yes"; (2) a solipsist answer: "No"; (3) a sceptical answer: "Perhaps, but I'll never know"; and finally (4) a positivist answer: "This question makes no sense". Most contemporary philosophers maintain either (1) or (4). Grounding on the scenario laid out by Calderón in his Life Is a Dream it is argued that there is no good reason for maintaining (4), and that the usual arguments for (1) fall short of being fully convincing. Besides being historically prior to Descartes' genium malignum, Calderón's model has at least two epistemological advantages: (a) It has some degree of empirical plausibility; (b) it makes a clear case for a coherent answer of type (3) and even opens the door for a conceivable answer of type (2). Through some minor modifications of the plot in Calderón's play, it will be shown that its main character, Segismund, can rationally choose to take positions (2) or (3). "It still remains a scandal to philosophy and to human reason in general that the existence of things outside us must be accepted merely on faith, and that if anyone thinks good to doubt their existence, we are unable to counter his doubts by any satisfactory proof." Kant

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Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)

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Duration: 42:04
Updated: 15 Aug 2013

http://www.iep.utm.edu/montaign/ Michel de Montaigne is widely appreciated as one of the most important figures in the late French Renaissance, both for his ...

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The Virtue of Skepticism

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Duration: 9:29
Updated: 25 Jun 2013

What is skepticism and why is it a virtue? By skepticism, I am referring to scientific skepticism. Scientific skepticism involves suspended judgment, the ass...

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Two Philosophers Debate the Existence of God (Part 01/10)

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Duration: 7:11
Updated: 09 Jul 2013

http://oregonstate.edu/groups/socratic/content/two-philosophers-debate-existence-god Is God the greatest fact or the greatest illusion? Of all the questions ...

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relative terms

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Duration: 2:41
Updated: 12 Jun 2012

not just freedom...

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The Audacity of Hopeful Philosophical Appeals to Intuition

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Duration: 1:06
Updated: 17 Nov 2009

Abstract. According to some critics, traditional armchair philosophical methodology relies in an illicit way on intuitions. But the particular structure of t...

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David Hume Part 1

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Duration: 10:21
Updated: 17 Oct 2013

Please enjoy and subscribe too. Thanks! David Hume (7 May [O.S. 26 April] 1711 -- 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. He was one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment. Hume is often grouped with John Locke, George Berkeley, and a handful of others as a British Empiricist. Beginning with his A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Hume strove to create a total naturalistic "science of man" that examined the psychological basis of human nature. In stark opposition to the rationalists who preceded him, most notably Descartes, he concluded that desire rather than reason governed human behavior, saying: "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions." A prominent figure in the sceptical philosophical tradition and a strong empiricist, he argued against the existence of innate ideas, concluding instead that humans have knowledge only of things they directly experience. Thus he divides perceptions between strong and lively "impressions" or direct sensations and fainter "ideas", which are copied from impressions. He developed the position that mental behaviour is governed by "custom", that is acquired ability; our use of induction, for example, is justified only by our idea of the "constant conjunction" of causes and effects. Without direct impressions of a metaphysical "self", he concluded that humans have no actual conception of the self, only of a bundle of sensations associated with the self. Hume advocated a compatibilist theory of free will that proved extremely influential on subsequent moral philosophy. He was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on feelings rather than abstract moral principles. Hume also examined the normative is--ought problem. He held notoriously ambiguous views of Christianity, but famously challenged the argument from design in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1777). Kant credited Hume with waking him up from his "dogmatic slumbers" and Hume has proved extremely influential on subsequent philosophy, especially on utilitarianism, logical positivism, William James, philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive philosophy, and other movements and thinkers. The philosopher Jerry Fodor proclaimed Hume's Treatise "the founding document of cognitive science". Also famous as a prose stylist, Hume pioneered the essay as a literary genre and engaged with contemporary intellectual luminaries such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith (who acknowledged Hume's influence on his economics and political philosophy), James Boswell, Joseph Butler, and Thomas Reid.

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The Biggest Questions: What Is Truth? Dr. Massimo Pigluicci & Tony Sobrado

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Duration: 15:01
Updated: 24 Oct 2013

This is an excerpt from my Biggest Questions Podcast Series Full Interview & Discussion available here: http://thebiggestquestions.org/questions-topics/what-is-truth-2/discussion-with-dr-massiomo-pigluicci/ Massimo Pigliucci is a Philosopher at City University in New York, the Editor in Chief for the Journal of the Philosophy and Theory in Biology and as public intellectual his maintains the popular Philosophy and Skepticism blog "Rationally Speaking" Truth is so integral to our understanding of reality, existence and knowledge that it would be impossible to survive without out. It is true that right now you are reading this and it is true that this morning you woke up. However in what sense is this true? Along with ontology, epistemology and general metaphysics Truth is a philosophical concept with stunning and pre-eminent history. Today we rely heavily on the empiricism and verification theories of Truth, known as the Correspondence Theory of Truth (truth must be allocated with regards to the statement and its object- for instance water is composed of H20) yet these are still enmeshed in larger philosophical claims of what constitutes Truth so it is not so much that A is verified by Process X so Process X and A are both true but more that because of the execution of Process A then X is true. Deflationist accounts attempt to situate truth is more concrete examples and move it outside higher abstract conceptions. Pragmatism argues that Truth is what works, Post-modernists and social constructionists' version of Truth argue that truth and the practices that accompany it are constructed and thus objective Truth is not even possible. Therefore one has to ask what is Truth, does it objectively exist and, perhaps more importantly, why does it matter?

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David Hume Part 4

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Duration: 10:27
Updated: 17 Oct 2013

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David Hume Part 3

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Duration: 10:26
Updated: 17 Oct 2013

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Two Philosophers Debate the Existence of God (Part 02/10)

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Duration: 7:11
Updated: 11 Jul 2013

http://oregonstate.edu/groups/socratic/content/two-philosophers-debate-existence-god Is God the greatest fact or the greatest illusion? Of all the questions ...

http://wn.com/Two_Philosophers_Debate_the_Existence_of_God_Part_02_10

photo: Creative Commons / ESO/L. Calçada

This artist’s impression shows HIP 13044 b, an exoplanet orbiting a star that entered our galaxy, the Milky Way, from another galaxy.

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Alien planet 11 times bigger than Jupiter found in bizarre, massive orbit

Fox News

06 Dec 2013

By Denise ChowPublished December 06, 2013Space.com. An artist's conception of a young planet in a distant orbit around its host star. The star still harbors a debris disk, remnant material from star and planet formation, interior to the planet's orbit.NASA/JPL-Caltech. This is a discovery image of planet HD 106906 b in thermal infrared light ... Next Slide Previous Slide ... [The Strangest Alien Planets (Gallery)] ... NASA Dreams of Alien Worlds ... ....(size: 5.1Kb)

photo: AP / Ariel Schalit

The Israeli army's new Heron unmanned drone aircraft for surveillance missions flies during a display at the Palmahim Air Force Base , Israel, Wednesday, March 7, 2007. With its 16.6 meter (54-foot) wingspan and ability to fly for as long as 30 hours at a time, at a speed of 120 knots (140 mph, 225 kph) and a height of 9,000 meters (30,000 feet), the Heron is Israel's latest and most advanced weapon in the booming field of drone technology, air force officers said.

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Unmasked: Area 51's Biggest, Stealthiest Spy Drone Yet

Foreign Policy

06 Dec 2013

The drone that spied on bin Laden and on Iran's nukes was just the start. Meet its bigger, higher-flying, stealthier cousin, the Northrop Grumman RQ-180. It's probably been flying for a few years now, but you weren't supposed to know that; the existence of this secret project, based out of Area 51, was revealed Friday by Aviation Week. The existence of the RQ-180 has been long rumored. Cryptic public statements by U.S ...  . ....(size: 3.9Kb)

photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb

A mural depicting the late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat (R) in Gaza City as French prosecutors in Paris opened up an official inquiry into Yasser Arafat's death in Gaza City on August 28, 2012. Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas welcomed a decision by French prosecutors to open a murder inquiry into claims the Arafat may have been poisoned.

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Swiss scientists stand by Arafat findings

Al Jazeera

05 Dec 2013

The Swiss researchers who concluded that former Palestinian President Yasser Arafat was poisoned are standing by their findings. On Tuesday, a French research team ruled that high levels of Polonium found in Arafat's body came from the element Radon in the environment. But the Swiss team said on Thursday their radiation expert ruled that theory out, and pointed out there was no such expert on the French team ... 336 Source . ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

photo: AP / Yves Logghe

Police officers accompany two surfers, centre, after they tried to enter the water during stormy weather, at the coastal town in Blankenberge, Belgium,Thursday, Dec. 5, 2013.

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Storm causes havoc in Europe and deaths in UK

RTE

06 Dec 2013

Hurricane-force winds cut transport and power in northern Britain and blasted towards mainland Europe as meteorologists warned Storm Xaver could be the worst to hit the continent in years.   ... Prime Minister David Cameron called two emergency meetings to discuss strategy ... A second man died near Nottingham in England when he was hit by a falling tree ... HAMBURG ON ALERT....(size: 4.8Kb)

photo: AP / Jerome Delay

French Special Forces race through Bangui, Central African Republic, Thursday, Dec. 5, 2013 as gunfire and mortar rounds erupt in the town.

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French forces begin CAR operations

Belfast Telegraph

06 Dec 2013

France has begun military operations in Central African Republic, with patrols and a helicopter detachment arriving to quell violence in the streets of the capital. Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian told Radio France Internationale that the streets of Bangui were calm after a spasm of bloodshed that began before dawn yesterday and left nearly 100 people dead ... Mr Le Drian said the immediate goal is to keep the streets safe ... new ... new ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)

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Book review: Adrienne Mayor “The First Fossil Hunters” (Photos)

The Examiner

13 Sep 2013

“The increasing frequency of relict monster hoaxes and sightings in the later Roman Empire may reflect rising tensions between philosophical skeptics and popular assumptions regarding the existence and extinction of mythical creatures…for whatever reason, the philosophers opted out of the ‘unknowable’ problem of giant bones....(size: 27.9Kb)

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New Xulon Book: Eight Ways to Find Jesus

PR Newswire

16 Aug 2013

Stone claims personal exploration is the best way to understand Christ. Download image. MAITLAND, Fla., Aug ... (Photo. http.//photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130816/MN64770). "In a time of increasing religious and philosophical skepticism there is one true experience which intersects with all of our needs and emotions, Jesus of Nazareth, who walked the earth 2000 years ago," states the author ... Media Contact ... https.//ireach.prnewswire.com ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)

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Student Graduates With Degree in Secular Studies

Huffington Post

15 Aug 2013

The field group emphasizes the meanings and impact of political secularism and philosophical skepticism, as well as various forms of private, public, and cultural secularity ... -- and "Secularism, Skepticism, and Irreligion" -- which explores the philosophical, personal, social, and political reasons people reject religion and embrace secularity....(size: 6.4Kb)

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Skepticism 101: What is skepticism?

The Examiner

03 Apr 2013

Skepticism, in the most general terms, is an attitude of questioning or doubt towards claims of fact or truth or to the expression of opinions about what ought to be done ... Philosophical skepticism tends to circle around the idea that there is no such thing as certainty about a fact or truth claim ... In practice, the idea skepticism can be a powerful one ... Andrew Kennett, Portland Skepticism Examiner. SubscribePortland Skepticism....(size: 4.7Kb)

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On Abortion Issue Pope Francis not expected to Differ much from Pope Benedict

The Examiner

14 Mar 2013

In a poignant open farewell letter to retired Carta Abierta a Papa Benedicto XVI (Pope Benedict XVI), the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix, Thomas J. Olmsted, writes. ... Creighton ModelCreighton Model. Location. vatican city. 41.903495788574 ; 12.452836036682 ... It’s the same absurdity underlying the philosophical skeptic’s claim that there’s no truth — except for the truth that there is no truth." ... Tweet. 0 Email. PrintReport. S ... S....(size: 8.4Kb)

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The Spiritual Naturalist

Houston Chronicle

05 Feb 2013

A New (old) Skepticism ... Pyrrho, often referred to as the first Skeptic philosopher. Skeptics have often been accused of being cynical, negative, etc. They will (quite appropriately) correct us that skepticism is not the same as cynicism – always about denying or a denial that we can reasonably know anything ... Skepticism can be a good thing because it is the opposite of gullibility and fuzzy thinking....(size: 7.3Kb)

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Midwest Philosophy Colloquium to Host Michael Huemer and Russ Shafer-Landau (University of Minnesota)

noodls

09 Nov 2012

Midwest Philosophy Colloquium to Host Michael Huemer and Russ Shafer-Landau. Posted by Jenna Ray on Friday, Nov. 9, 2012. Event Date/Time ... Professor Huemer has written on such topics as philosophical skepticism, the problem of induction, ethical intuitionism, free will, and philosophical anarchism. The second lecture, "Skepticism about Morality and Religion," will be given by Shafer-Landau on Friday, November 9, at 4.30 p.m....(size: 2.7Kb)

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Good Reads: ugly oil harvests; dueling environmentalists; and morality in animals

Yahoo Daily News

02 Nov 2012

RELATED. Earth Day ... Where is the environmental proof?Environmentalists decry how climate change skeptics ignore or try to discredit copious scientific evidence indicating that human-induced climate change is taking place ... But scientists and philosophers have been skeptical, worrying that these attitudes are one example of “anthropomorphism,” attributing human characteristics to animals or inanimate things ... Rowlands says ... prev next ...  ....(size: 11.2Kb)

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Islam's Angry Literalists Are Only at Halfway Point

Bloomberg

07 Oct 2012

The old traditional world hadn’t yet been overwhelmed, people wore their faith lightly, and there was a measure of skepticism about anyone overdoing displays of religious zeal ... There had developed a consensus of sorts that the mass of ordinary people can be left to their faith, while the philosophers and the skeptics gave free rein to the rule of reason....(size: 9.1Kb)

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The Best Education for the Best Is the Best Education for All

noodls

10 Sep 2012

Peter Meyer - ... Though I'm not sure that taking out after the "instrumentalist rhetoric" of recent reports like that of the Council on Foreign Relations ( U.S ... As Shorris wrote. ... And that is a beginning ... The daily email offers a direct and easy way for busy teachers to grow philosophically. I was skeptical, but once you open the email and decide to read a story, you are hooked and it becomes a daily ritual to check out what's happening ... ....(size: 11.1Kb)

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The Ultimate Proof of Creation?

The Examiner

29 Aug 2012

Related topics. presuppositional apologeticsChristian Apologetics. Advertisement. I had the chance recently to read, or should I say endure, Dr. Jason Lisle’s book The Ultimate Proof of Creation, resolving the origins debate ... Dr ... But instead of providing commentary from notable philosophers or skeptics, Lisle races to the bottom of the intellectual heap to give us a sampling of e-mails and comments left at his Answers in Genesis website ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)

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Living the “good” life

Salon

16 Apr 2012

Somebody once described him as the most God-besotted of all philosophers ... First-year students are asked to read it, but then it’s thought not to have very great philosophical substance ... In this talk, published as “Why I Am Not a Christian,” he sets out the reasons that somebody who takes a very rational, philosophical, skeptical look at the claims, arguments and supposed evidences for a [Christian] outlook might apply....(size: 26.7Kb)

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Obama and the Dictatorship of Relativism

American Spectator

08 Feb 2012

If there was ever any doubt about one of the Obama Administration's key philosophical commitments, it was dispelled on Jan ... It's the same absurdity underlying the philosophical skeptic's claim that there's no truth -- except for the truth that there is no truth ... Here they follow the eighteenth-century Scottish philosopher David Hume....(size: 6.7Kb)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_skepticism

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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Make changes yourself !

Why everything you believe might be wrong

Tibor Machan on Skepticism in Philosophy

Three Minute Philosophy: Rene Descartes