Rhytidectomy

A facelift, technically known as a rhytidectomy (from Ancient Greek ῥυτίς (rhytis) "wrinkle" + ἐκτομή (ektome) "excision", surgical removal of wrinkles), is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful facial appearance. There are multiple surgical techniques. It usually involves the removal of excess facial skin, with or without the tightening of underlying tissues, and the redraping of the skin on the patient's face and neck. Facelifts are effectively combined with eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty) and other facial procedures and are typically performed under general anesthesia or deep twilight sleep.

According to the most recent 2011 statistics from the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, facelifts were the sixth most popular aesthetic surgery performed after liposuction, breast augmentation, abdominoplasty (tummy tuck), blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery) and breast lift.

History

Cutaneous period (1900–1970)

In the first 70 years of the 20th century facelifts were performed by pulling on the skin on the face and cutting the loose parts off. The first facelift was reportedly performed by Eugen Höllander in 1901 in Berlin. An elderly Polish female aristocrat asked him to: "lift her cheeks and corners of the mouth". After much debate he finally proceeded to excise an elliptical piece of skin around the ears. The first textbook about facial cosmetic surgery (1907) was written by Charles Miller (Chicago) entitled "The Correction of Featural Imperfections".

Facelift (product)

A facelift is the revival of a product through cosmetic means, for example by changing its appearance while leaving its underlying engineering or design intact.

Web sites,magazines or other industries may also be facelifted, for instance when their titles and products appear dated.

The term probably comes from the same term used in plastic surgery.

Purpose

It is commonly applied to many kinds of products to keep them competitive during a model's product life cycle and to increasing the sales revenue of products. To earn high sales revenue and profits for as long as possible with one product generation, one must enhance the product's attractiveness from time to time.

In automotive industry, the product lifecycle of mass-produced productions is always 4 to 6 years, and during that period, the competitor company will introduce new product to hold more market share. When new cars have launched into the market for 2 and 3 years, to keep their strength in the market, company will push out a facelift version to attract new and past customers to change their cars as they observe the sales revenue starts decreasing. This process is controlled by product life cycle management.

Facelift (TV series)

Facelift is a half-hour topical comedy show produced for New Zealand's TV One by the Gibson Group.

Drawing on The Gibson Group's extensive experience with a wide range of comedy productions, including Public Eye, Skitz, Telly Laughs, Newsflash and The Semisis, Facelift is a sketch comedy employing live actors in rubber puppet masks. Pulling off the transition from puppet caricatures to human caricatures was a complex and ambitious task. A small group of actors were cast for voice and performance skills. Moulds were then taken of their heads and prosthetic masks created of various New Zealand politicians and celebrities, such as Helen Clark, Don Brash and Kate Hawkesby. New topical characters are periodically introduced.

The fourth series screened from July 2007 to September 2007.

Characters

Main characters

Helen Clark (played by Darlene Mohekey), the Prime Minister of New Zealand at the time of the show and leader of the Labour Party. Jokes mainly focus on her lack of affectionate behaviour and her relationship with her husband Peter Davis.

Marvel

Marvel may refer to:

Places

People

In print

Comics

Business

Marvel (name)

Marvel is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Given name:

Fictional characters include:

Marvel (food)

Marvel is a United Kingdom brand of dried milk powder, now marketed by Premier Foods.

History, packaging and use

The product was launched in 1964 and is sold in foil-coated cardboard drums with the contents sealed under a tear off foil lid and in sachets.

To make milk from the powder it is necessary to put tablespoons of it into a jug or bowl, then add cold water and stir until the all the powder has dissolved.

See also

External links