Kaddish (קדיש, Qaddish Aramaic: "holy"; alternate spelling, qaddish) is a prayer found in the Jewish prayer service. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. In the liturgy different versions of the Kaddish are used functionally as separators between sections of the service. The term "Kaddish" is often used to refer specifically to "The Mourners' Kaddish", said as part of the mourning rituals in Judaism in all prayer services as well as at funerals and memorials. When mention is made of "saying Kaddish", this unambiguously denotes the rituals of mourning.

The opening words of this prayer are inspired by , a vision of God becoming great in the eyes of all the nations. The central line of the Kaddish in Jewish tradition is the congregation's response: יְהֵא שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא מְבָרַךְ לְעָלַם וּלְעָלְמֵי עָלְמַיָּא (Yehei shmëh rabba mevarakh lealam ulalmey almaya, "May His great name be blessed for ever, and to all eternity"), a public declaration of God's greatness and eternality. This response is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew "ברוך שם כבוד מלכותו לעולם ועד" (Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever), which is to be found in the Jerusalem Targum (יְהֵא שְׁמֵיהּ רַבָּא מְבָרֵךְ לְעָלְמֵי עַלְמִין) (Genesis 49:2 and Deuteronomy 6:4, and is similar to the wording of .

The Mourner's, Rabbis' and Complete Kaddish end with a supplication for peace ("Oseh Shalom..."), which is in Hebrew, and comes from the Bible .

Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central prayers in the Jewish liturgy.

History and background

"The Kaddish is in origin a closing doxology to an Aggadic discourse". Most of it is written in Aramaic, which, at the time of its original composition, was the lingua franca of the Jewish people. It is not composed in the vernacular Aramaic, however, but rather in a "literary, jargon Aramaic" that was used in the academies, and is identical to the dialect of the Targum.

Text of the Burial Kaddish

In the burial kaddishⁱ, lines 2-3 are replaced by:

Notes

Bracketed text varies according to personal or communal traditions.

* Before line 16, "accept our prayer with mercy and favour"

Before line 28, "May the name of God be blessed, from now and forever" ()

Before line 34, "My help is from God, creator of heaven and earth" ()

Full Hebrew, translation and transliteration can also be found at the Orthodox Unions.

Customs

The Kaddish, as used in the services on special days is chanted. There are different melodies in different Jewish traditions and within each tradition the melody can change according to the version, the day it is said and even the position in the service. The Mourners' Kaddish is never sung and many mourners recite it slowly and contemplatively.

Virtual Cantor's Kaddish Shalem for Shabbat Mussaf

Virtual Cantor's Hatzi Kaddish for Yom Kippur

In Sephardi synagogues the whole congregation sits for Kaddish, except:

during the Kaddish immediately before the Amidah, where everyone stands;

during the Mourners' Kaddish, where those reciting it stand and everyone else sits.

In Ashkenazi synagogues, the custom varies. Very commonly, in both Orthodox and Reform congregations, everyone stands; but in some (especially many Conservative) synagogues, most of the congregants sit. Sometimes, a distinction is made between the different forms of Kaddish, or each congregant stands or sits according to his or her own custom. The Mourners' Kaddish is often treated differently from the other variations of Kaddish in the service, as is the Half Kaddish before the maftir.

Some Reform synagogues have dropped all use of Kaddish except the Mourners' Kaddish, though in many there is now a move to reinstate it before Barechu and/or the Amidah.

Mourners' Kaddish

"Mourners' Kaddish" is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. It takes the form of Kaddish Yehe Shelama Rabba, and is traditionally recited several times, most prominently at or towards the end of the service, after the Aleinu and/or closing Psalms and/or (on the Sabbath) Ani'im Zemirot. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourners' Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for thirty days or eleven months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. The "mourner" who says the Kaddish will be any person present at a service who has the obligation to recite Kaddish in accordance with these rules.

Customs for reciting the Mourners' Kaddish vary markedly among various communities. In Sephardi synagogues, the custom is that all the mourners stand and chant the Kaddish together. In Ashkenazi synagogues, the earlier custom was that one mourner be chosen to lead the prayer on behalf of the rest, though most congregations have now adopted the Sephardi custom. In many Reform synagogues, the entire congregation recites the Mourners' Kaddish together. This is sometimes said to be for those victims of the Holocaust who have no one left to recite the Mourner's Kaddish on their behalf. In some congregations (especially Reform and Conservative ones), the Rabbi will read a list of those who have a Yahrzeit on that day (or who have died within the past month), and then ask the congregants to name any people they are mourning for. Some synagogues try to multiply the number of times that the Mourners' Kaddish is recited, for example, reciting a separate Mourners' Kaddish after both Aleinu and then each closing Psalm. Other synagogues limit themselves to one Mourners' Kaddish at the end of the service.

It is important to note that the Mourners' Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God. Though the Kaddish is often popularly referred to as the "Jewish Prayer for the Dead," that designation more accurately belongs to the prayer called "El Maleh Rahamim", which specifically prays for the soul of the deceased.

Creative works

Leonard Bernstein's Symphony No. 3, Kaddish, for Orchestra, Mixed Chorus, Boys' Choir, Speaker and Soprano Solo, 1963 (revised in 1977), is a dramatic work dedicated to the memory of John F. Kennedy. Some interpret it as reaction to The Holocaust, but there is no documentary evidence for this view.

Kaddish for Naomi Ginsberg (1894-1956) is one of the most famous and celebrated poems of beat poet Allen Ginsberg.

"Kaddish" is the title for a work by W. Francis McBeth for a concert band, based on the chant of the prayer. McBeth composed this work as a memorial for his teacher J. Clifton Williams.

"Inspired by Kaddish" is a fifteen-movement musical composition by Lawrence Siegel. One of the movements is the prayer itself; the remaining fourteen movements are stories of the experiences of a number of Holocaust survivors Lawrence interviewed during his research for the piece. It was debuted by the Keene State College Chamber Singers in May, 2008 in Keene, New Hampshire.

French composer Maurice Ravel composed a song using text from part of the Kaddish. It was commissioned in 1914 by Alvina Alvi as part of a set of two songs: "Deux mélodies hébraïques". It was composed in Saint-Jean-de-Luz and first performed in June 1914 by Alvi with Ravel at the piano.

Uses in the arts

The Kaddish has been a particularly common theme and reference point for Jewish writers, especially since the Haskalah.

*Kaddish and Other Poems is the title of a collection of poetry published by Allen Ginsberg in 1961. The first poem in the collection is entitled "Kaddish" and was dedicated to the author's mother, Naomi Ginsberg (1894–1956).

"Kaddish" is the title of an episode of the television show The X-Files (season 4, episode 15), in which a Golem is avenging a murder.

"Kaddish" is the title of an episode of the television show (season 5, episode 17), in which detective John Munch (Richard Belzer), who is Jewish, investigates the rape and murder of his childhood sweetheart.

The Mourner's Kaddish can be heard being recited by Collins and Roger during the song "La Vie Boheme" in the musical Rent.

In the television series Drawn Together, Toot recites the Mourner's Kaddish in the episode "A Very Special Drawn Together Afterschool Special", after saying that her son was (metaphorically) dead.

In Rocky III, Rocky Balboa recites the Mourners' Kaddish for Mickey.

In Philip Roth's novel The Human Stain, the narrator states that the Mourners' Kaddish signifies that "a Jew is dead. Another Jew is dead. As though death were not a consequence of life but a consequence of having been a Jew."

In Final Fantasy VII Advent Children, one of the antagonists goes by the name of Kadaj, possibly a take on Kaddish, which keeps in line with the common use of religious symbolism throughout Final Fantasy VII (Jenova is another example of this.)

In Tony Kushner's play Angels in America (and the subsequent TV miniseries), the characters of Louis Ironson and Ethel Rosenberg say the Kaddish over Roy Cohn's dead body.

In the television show Everwood, Ephram Brown recites the Mourner's Kaddish at his mother's unveiling.

The Kaddish can be heard in the opening credits of Schindler's List.

In Yentl, at her father's burial, the rabbi asks who will say Kaddish (Kaddish is traditionally said by a son). Yentl replies that she will and, to the horror of those assembled, grabs the siddur and starts saying Kaddish.

Kaddisch is the first of Ravel's two songs Deux mélodies hébraïques.

The fictional character Dan Turpin was killed by Darkseid in , and at his funeral, there was a Rabbi saying Kaddish. After the episode, there was a message that the episode was dedicated to Jack Kirby, a Jewish comic book artist, who influenced the entire comic book community.

In Torch Song Trilogy, the main character Arnold Beckoff says the Mourner's Kaddish for his murdered lover, Alan, much to the horror of his mother.

Kaddish For Uncle Manny" from the 4th season of Northern Exposure (first aired 5-3-93) relates to Joel's (Rob Morrow) seeking out of ten Jews in remote Alaska to join him for Kaddish in memory of his recently departed Uncle Manny in New York City. Maurice Minnifield (Barry Corbin) takes to Alaska's airwaves and offers a cash stipend for Jews in KBHR's listening area to trek to Cicely in order to form a minyan, or the prerequisite ten adult males, to accompany his recital of the prayer. As strangers appear from nowhere, Joel realizes that his mitzvah to say Kaddish for his uncle is best accomplished through the presence of his new Cicely family, who although Gentile, are most near and dear to him as compared with ten 'mercenary' Jews who are unknown to him. The episode ends with Joel leading the townspeople through the service.

Nobel Laureate Imre Kertesz's "Kaddish for an Unborn Child"

Zadie Smith's novel "The Autograph Man" revolves around Alex-Li Tandem, a dealer in autograph memorabilia whose father's Yahrzeit is approaching. The epilogue of the novel features a scene in which Alex-Li recites Kaddish with a minyan.

In Frederick Forsyth's novel The Odessa File, a Jew who commits suicide in 1960s Germany requests in his diary/suicide note that someone say Kaddish for him in Israel. At the end of the Novel, a Mossad agent involved in the plot, who comes into possession of the diary, fulfils the dead man's wish.

Concept album Kaddish (1993) created by Richard Wolfson (musician) with Andy Saunders using the band name Towering Inferno.

The "Kaddish" can be heard in the 1980 movie "Jazz Singer" staring Neil diamond. Character "Cantor Rabinovitch" played by Sir Laurence Olivier says the Kaddish while disowning his son.The Kaddish helps bring forth the power needed to evoke the emotion of loss.

References

* Cyrus Adler, et al. "Kaddish". Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906. pp. 401–403.

Yesodot Tefillah, Rabbi Eliezer Levi, published by Abraham Zioni Publishing House,Israel 1977. P173

External links

Kaddish explanation at the Jewish Virtual Library

MP3 Audio of Kaddish Prayer

Virtual Cantor MP3s of all prayers said in the synagogue on weekdays and special days including numerous versions of the Kaddish

Category:Bereavement in Judaism Category:Jewish prayer and ritual texts Category:Jewish theology Category:Aramaic words and phrases Category:Jewish services Category:Siddur

Name	Tony Curtis
Imagesize	200px
Caption	Tony Curtis in 1955
Birth name	Bernard Schwartz
Birth date	June 03, 1925
Birth place	Bronx, New York, U.S.
Death date	September 29, 2010
Death place	Henderson, Nevada, U.S.
Years active	1948–2010
Occupation	Actor
Spouse	Janet Leigh (m. 1951–1962; divorced) Christine Kaufmann (m. 1963–1968; divorced) Leslie Allen (m. 1968–1982; divorced) Lisa Deutsch (m. 1993–1994; divorced) Jill Vandenberg (m. 1998–2010; his death)
Children	Kelly Curtis (b. 1956), Jamie Lee Curtis (b. 1958), Alexandra Curtis (b. 1964), Allegra Curtis (b. 1966), Nicolas (1970–1994), Benjamin (b. 1973)
Relatives	Helena Claire Boyer (granddaughter)}}

Tony Curtis (June 3, 1925 – September 29, 2010) was an American film actor whose career spanned six decades, but had his greatest popularity during the 1950s and early 1960s. He acted in over 100 films in roles covering a wide range of genres, from light comedy to serious drama. In his later years, Curtis made numerous television appearances.

Although his early film roles were partly the result of his good looks, by the latter half of the 1950s he became a notable and strong screen presence. He began proving himself to be a “fine dramatic actor,” having the range to act in numerous dramatic and comedy roles. In his earliest parts he acted in a string of "mediocre" films, including swashbucklers, westerns, light comedies, sports films, and a musical. However, by the time he starred in Houdini (1953) with his wife Janet Leigh, "his first clear success," notes critic David Thomson, his acting had progressed immensely.

He won his first serious recognition as a skilled dramatic actor in Sweet Smell of Success (1957) with co-star Burt Lancaster. The following year he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in another drama, The Defiant Ones (1958). Curtis then gave what many believe was his best acting, in a completely different role, the comedy Some Like it Hot (1959). Thomson calls it an "outrageous film," and it was voted the number 1 funniest film in history from a survey done by the American Film Institute. It costarred Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe, and was directed by Billy Wilder. That was followed by Blake Edwards’ comedy Operation Petticoat (1959) with Cary Grant. They were both “frantic comedies,” and displayed “his impeccable comic timing.” He would collaborate with Edwards often on later films.

His most significant serious part came in 1968 when he starred in the true-life drama The Boston Strangler, which some consider his “last major film role.” whom he fathered with his wife, actress Janet Leigh.

Early life

Curtis was born Bernard Schwartz in the Bronx, New York, the son of Emanuel Schwartz and Helen Klein. His parents were Hungarian Jewish immigrants from Mátészalka, Hungary. Hungarian was Curtis' only language until he was five or six, postponing his schooling. Curtis said, "When I was a child, Mom beat me up and was very aggressive and antagonistic." His mother was later diagnosed with schizophrenia, a mental illness which also affected his brother Robert and led to Robert's institutionalization.

When Curtis was eight, he and his younger brother Julius were placed in an orphanage for a month because their parents could not afford to feed them. Four years later, Julius was struck and killed by a truck. Curtis joined a neighborhood gang whose main crimes were playing hooky from school or minor pilfering at the local dime store. When he turned 11, a friendly neighbor saved him from what he felt would have led to a life of delinquency, by sending him to a Boy Scout camp, where he was able to settle down and work off his energy. He attended Seward Park High School and received his first bit part in a stage play at age 16. he chose submarine duty and served aboard USS Proteus, a submarine tender. From his sub tender's signal bridge, he witnessed the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay from about a mile away. Following his discharge, Curtis attended City College of New York under the G.I. Bill and studied acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York with the influential German stage director Erwin Piscator, along with Elaine Stritch, Walter Matthau, and Rod Steiger. He was discovered by a talent agent and casting director Joyce Selznick. Curtis claims it was because he "was the handsomest of the boys." Arriving in Hollywood in 1948 at age 23, he was placed under contract at Universal Pictures and changed his name to Tony Curtis, taking his first name from the novel Anthony Adverse and his last name from "Kurtz", a surname from his mother's family. Although the studio taught him fencing and riding, Curtis admitted he was at first only interested in girls and money. Nonetheless, he was not hopeful of his chances in becoming a major actor, and feared having to return to the Bronx, a failure. He writes,

I was a million-to-one shot, the least likely to succeed. I wasn't low man on the totem pole, I was under the totem pole, in a sewer, tied to a sack.

Career

during a break in the filming of Houdini (1953)]] Curtis's uncredited screen debut came in Criss Cross (1949) playing a rumba dancer. In his second film, City Across the River (also in 1949), he was credited as "Anthony Cross". Later, as "Tony Curtis", he cemented his reputation with breakthrough performances such as in the role of the scheming press agent Sidney Falco in Sweet Smell of Success (1957) with Burt Lancaster (who also starred in Criss Cross) and an Oscar-nominated performance as a bigoted escaped convict chained to Sidney Poitier in The Defiant Ones.

He did both screen comedy and drama, and became one of the most sought after stars in Hollywood. Curtis' comedies include Some Like It Hot (1959), Sex and the Single Girl (1964) and The Great Race (1965), and his dramas included playing the slave Antoninus in Stanley Kubrick's Spartacus (1960) co-starring Kirk Douglas and Sir Laurence Olivier, The Outsider (1961), the true story of WW II veteran Ira Hayes, and The Boston Strangler (1968), in which he played the self-confessed murderer of the film's title, Albert DeSalvo. The latter film was praised for Curtis' performance. He was also part of the all-star ensemble in Elia Kazan's 1976 drama The Last Tycoon.

Curtis appeared frequently on television; he co-starred with Roger Moore in the TV series The Persuaders!. Later, he co-starred in McCoy and Vega$. In the early 1960s, he was immortalized as "Stony Curtis," a voice-over guest star on The Flintstones.

Throughout his life, Curtis enjoyed painting, and since the early 1980s, painted as a second career. His work commands more than $25,000 a canvas now. In the last years of his life, he concentrated on painting rather than movies. A surrealist, Curtis claimed "Van Gogh, [Paul] Matisse, Picasso, Magritte" as influences.

The studio he was under contract with, Universal-International, generally stayed out of their stars' love lives. However, when they chose to get married, studio executives spent three days trying to talk him out of it, telling him he would be "poisoning himself at the box office." They threatened "banishment" back to the Bronx and the end of his budding career. In response, Curtis and Leigh decided to defy the studio heads and instead eloped and were married by a local judge in Greenwich Connecticut. Comedian and close friend Jerry Lewis came as a witness.

His son Nicholas (December 31, 1970 — April 2, 1994, with Leslie Allen) died of a heroin overdose at the age of 23. Of this Curtis said, "As a father you don't recover from that. There isn't a moment at night that I don't remember him."

According to the Pittsburgh-Post Gazette, Curtis, who had a problem with alcoholism and drug abuse, went though the treatment center of the Betty Ford Clinic in the mid 1980s, which did work for him.

Philanthropy

Beginning in 1990, Curtis and his daughter Jamie Lee Curtis took a renewed interest in their family's Hungarian-Jewish heritage, and helped finance the rebuilding of the "Great Synagogue" in Budapest, Hungary.(photo) The largest synagogue in Europe today, it was originally built in 1859 and suffered damage during World War II. In 1998, he also founded the Emanuel Foundation for Hungarian Culture, and served as honorary chairperson. The organization works for the restoration and preservation of synagogues and 1300 Jewish cemeteries in Hungary. He dedicated this to the 600,000 Jewish victims of the Holocaust in Hungary and lands occupied by the Hungarian Army. He also helped promote Hungary's national image in commercials.

Books and appearances

In 1994, a mural featuring his likeness, painted by the artist George Sportelli, was unveiled on the Sunset Boulevard overpass of the Hollywood Freeway Highway 101 in California.

In 2004, he was inducted into the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Hall of Fame. A street is named after him in the Sun City Anthem development in Henderson, Nevada.

In 2008, he was featured in the documentary The Jill & Tony Curtis Story about his efforts with his wife to rescue horses from slaughterhouses.

In October 2008, Curtis's autobiography American Prince: A Memoir, was published. In it, he describes his encounters with other Hollywood legends of the time including Frank Sinatra and James Dean, as well as his hard-knock childhood and path to success. It was followed by the publication of his next book, The Making of Some Like it Hot: My Memories of Marilyn Monroe and the Classic American Movie (2009). Curtis shared his memories of the making of the movie, in particular about Marilyn Monroe, whose antics and attitude on the set made everyone miserable.

On May 22, 2009, Curtis apologized to the BBC radio audience after he used three profanities in a six-minute interview with BBC presenter William Crawley. The presenter also apologized to the audience for Curtis's "Hollywood realism". Curtis explained that he thought the interview was being taped, when it was in fact live.

Illnesses and death

In 1984 Curtis was rushed to hospital suffering from advanced cirrhosis as a result of his alcoholism and cocaine addiction. He then entered the Betty Ford Clinic and vowed to overcome his "various illnesses". He underwent heart bypass surgery in 1994.

Curtis nearly died when he contracted pneumonia in December 2006 and was in a coma for several days. As a result he used a wheelchair and could only walk short distances.

On July 8, 2010, Curtis, who suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), was hospitalized in Las Vegas after suffering an asthma attack during a book signing engagement in Henderson, Nevada at Costco.

Curtis died at his Henderson, Nevada home on September 29, 2010, of cardiac arrest. In a release to the Associated Press, his daughter, actress Jamie Lee Curtis, stated:

"My father leaves behind a legacy of great performances in movies and in his paintings and assemblages. He leaves behind children and their families who loved him and respected him and a wife and in-laws who were devoted to him. He also leaves behind fans all over the world. He will be greatly missed."

He was interred at Palm Memorial Park Cemetery in Green Valley, Nevada on October 4, 2010. His memorial service was attended by his daughters, Jamie Lee Curtis and Kelly Curtis, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Ron Jeremy, and Vera Goulet. Investor Kirk Kerkorian, actor Kirk Douglas and singer Phyllis McGuire were among the honorary pallbearers.

Filmography

Criss Cross (1949)

City Across the River (1949)

The Lady Gambles (1949)

Take One False Step (1949) (scenes deleted)

Johnny Stool Pigeon (1949)

How to Smuggle a Hernia Across the Border (1949) (short subject)

Woman in Hiding (1950)

Francis (1950)

I Was a Shoplifter (1950)

Sierra (1950)

Winchester '73 (1950) (Credited as Anthony Curtis)

Kansas Raiders (1950)

The Prince Who Was a Thief (1951)

Meet Danny Wilson (1952) (cameo)

Flesh and Fury (1952)

No Room for the Groom (1952)

Son of Ali Baba (1952)

Houdini (1953)

The All-American (1953)

Forbidden (1953)

Beachhead (1954)

Johnny Dark (1954)

The Black Shield of Falworth (1954)

Six Bridges to Cross (1955)

So This Is Paris (1955)

The Purple Mask (1955)

The Rawhide Years (1955)

The Square Jungle (1955)

Trapeze (1956)

Mister Cory (1957)

Sweet Smell of Success (1957)

The Midnight Story (1957)

The Vikings (1958)

Kings Go Forth (1958)

The Defiant Ones (1958)

The Perfect Furlough (1958)

Some Like It Hot (1959)

Operation Petticoat (1959)

Who Was That Lady? (1960)

The Rat Race (1960)

Spartacus (1960)

Pepe (1960) (cameo)

The Great Impostor (1961)

The Outsider (1961), as Ira Hayes

Taras Bulba (1962)

40 Pounds of Trouble (1962)

The List of Adrian Messenger (1963) (cameo)

Captain Newman, M.D. (1963)

Paris, When It Sizzles (1964) (cameo)

Wild and Wonderful (1964)

Goodbye Charlie (1964)

Sex and the Single Girl (1964)

The Great Race (1965)

Boeing Boeing (1965)

The Flintstones (1965) (voice)

Chamber of Horrors (1966) (cameo)

Not with My Wife, You Don't! (1966)

Arrivederci, Baby! (1966)

Don't Make Waves (1967)

On My Way to the Crusades, I Met a Girl Who... (1968)

Rosemary's Baby (1968) (voice)

The Boston Strangler (1968)

Monte Carlo or Bust (1969)

You Can't Win 'Em All (1970)

Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came? (1970)

The Persuaders! (1971–1972)

(1974)

Lepke (1975)

The Count of Monte Cristo (1975)

London Conspiracy (1976)

The Last Tycoon (1976)

Casanova & Co. (1977)

Sextette (1978)

The Manitou (1978)

The Bad News Bears Go to Japan (1978)

The Users (1978)

Electric Light Orchestra (1978)

Double Take (1979)

Title Shot (1979)

Little Miss Marker (1980)

It Rained All Night the Day I Left (1980)

The Mirror Crack'd (1980)

(1980)

Othello, the Black Commando (1982)

Where Is Parsifal? (1983)

BrainWaves (1983)

The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal (1985) (documentary)

Club Life (1985)

Insignificance (1985)

The Last of Philip Banter (1986)

Balboa (1986)

The Passenger - Welcome to Germany (1988)

Lobster Man From Mars (1989)

Midnight (1989)

Tarzan in Manhattan (1989)

Walter & Carlo In America (1989)

Prime Target (1991)

Center of the Web (1992)

(1992) (documentary)

Naked in New York (1993)

The Mummy Lives (1993)

A Century of Cinema (1994) (documentary)

The Immortals (1995)

The Celluloid Closet (1995) (documentary)

Roseanne - TV Series (1996) (role as Hal, ballroom dance studio instructor)

Hardball (1997)

Brittle Glory (1997)

Elvis Meets Nixon (1997)

Alien X Factor (1997)

Stargames (1998)

Louis & Frank (1998)

Play It to the Bone (1999) (cameo)

Reflections of Evil (2002) (narrator)

Where's Marty? (2006)

The Blacksmith and the Carpenter (2007) (voice)

David & Fatima (2008)

The Jill & Tony Curtis Story (2008) (documentary feature)

References

Further reading

External links

CBS news: Tony Curtis 1925-2010 video: 1.5 minutes

Biography and naval service from the California Center for Military History website

Tony Curtis' Famous Friends - slideshow by Life magazine

2009 interview with Dodd Vickers for the Magic Newswire

2007 interview by Nick Thomas in Nevada Magazine

Tony Curtis and Nehemiah Persoff talk about Some Like it Hot

John Patterson, Some like it very hot (Interview), The Guardian, 18 April 2008

Alison Jackson, Some tormented Hollywood souls still like their gossip hot, Profile: Tony Curtis, Sunday Times, 20 April 2008

Documentary film, The Jill & Tony Curtis Story

Photographs and literature

Tony Curtis: Life and Times - slideshow by Life magazine

The Telegraph Obituary

Interview by Michael Hainey for GQ Magazine

Category:1925 births Category:2010 deaths Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:Actors from California Category:Actors from Nevada Category:Actors from New York City Category:American activists Category:American actors of Hungarian descent Category:American film actors Category:American Jews Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent Category:American television actors Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in Nevada Category:Deaths from heart failure Category:Jewish activists Category:Jewish actors Category:Jewish American military personnel Category:People from the Bronx Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Writers from California Category:Writers from Nevada Category:Writers from New York City Category:United States Navy sailors

Name	Debbie Friedman
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Deborah Lynn Friedman
Birth date	February 23, 1951
Birth place	Utica, New York
Death date	January 09, 2011
Death place	Orange County, California
Instrument	Guitar
Genre	Music-Jewish Liturgy
Occupation	Jewish songwriter/songleader
Years active	1971–2011
Url
Notable instruments	Guitar

Deborah Lynn "Debbie" Friedman (February 23, 1951 – January 9, 2011) was an American composer and singer of songs with Jewish religious content. She was born in Utica, New York but moved with her family to Minnesota at age 5. She is best known for her setting of “Mi Shebeirach”, the prayer for healing, which is used by hundreds of congregations across America.

She was the daughter of Frida and Gabriel Friedman.

She wrote many of her early songs as a song leader at the overnight camp Olin-Sang-Ruby Union Institute in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin in the early 1970s. Between 1971 and 2010 she recorded more than 19 albums. Her work was inspired by such diverse sources as Joan Baez, Peter, Paul and Mary, and a number of other folk music artists. Friedman employed both English and Hebrew lyrics and wrote for all ages. Some of her other songs include "The Aleph Bet Song", "Miriam's Song", and the Hanukkah songs "Not By Might" and "I am a Latke".

Friedman had suffered since the 1990s from a neurological condition, The story of her music, as well as the challenges she faced in living with illness, were featured in a 2004 documentary film about Friedman called A Journey of Spirit, produced by Ann Coppel, which followed her from 1997 to 2002.

In 2007, Friedman accepted an appointment to the faculty of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion's School of Sacred Music in New York where she instructed both rabbinic and cantorial students.

She was admitted to an Orange County Hospital in January 2011, where she died January 9, 2011, from pneumonia.

Discography

Songs of the Spirit- The Debbie Friedman Anthology

Light These Lights

Debbie Friedman Live in Concert

The Water in the Well

The Alef Bet

Debbie Friedman at Carnegie Hall

The World of Your Dreams

And You Shall Be a Blessing

Ani Ma-Amin

Not by Might Not by Power

Sing Unto God

One People

As You Go On Your Way: Shacharit - The Morning Prayers

It's You

Affiliations

Friedman was a 1969 alumna of Highland Park High School in Saint Paul, Minnesota. She was inducted into the school's Hall of Fame in 1999. She was also an honorary member of the American Conference of Cantors.

References

External links

Debbie Friedman website

Jewish Women and the Feminist Revolution from the Jewish Women's Archive

Judaism Wikia's article on Debbie Friedman

A Journey of Spirit

Category:1951 births Category:2011 deaths Category:American singers Category:Deaths from pneumonia Category:Hebrew Union College faculty Category:Jewish American composers and songwriters Category:Lesbian musicians Category:LGBT musicians from the United States Category:People from Saint Paul, Minnesota