Chinese--U.S. relations (or
Sino-American relations) refers to international relations between the
United States of America (
U.S.A.) and the
People's Republic of China (
P.R.C.) Most analysts characterize present
Chinese-American relations as being complex and multifaceted.
The United States and
China are usually neither allies nor enemies; the
U.S. government does not regard China as an adversary but as a competitor in some areas and a partner in others. The
Qing Dynasty opened the first modern official diplomatic relations in late
19th century, After
Xinhai revolution, newly formed
Republic of China maintained diplomatic ties with the
USA. During the
Second World War, China was a close ally of the
United States. At the founding of the communist-ruled People's Republic of China in 1949, the USA did not immediately recognize the newly established government of China. Until
January 1979, the United States recognized the
Republic of China on Taiwan as the legitimate government of China, and did not maintain diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on the mainland
. In the midst of the
Cold War, the
Sino-Soviet split provided an opening for the US to establish ties with mainland China and use it as a counter to the
Soviet Union and its influence. It was after January 1979 that the
USA government switched recognition from
Taipei to
Beijing, as well as the diplomatic relations.
As of 2011, the United States has the world's largest economy and China the second largest. China has the world's largest population and the United States has the third largest after
India. The two countries are the two largest consumers of motor vehicles and oil, and the two greatest emitters of greenhouse gases.
Relations between China and the United States have been generally stable with some periods of tension, most notably after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which removed a common enemy and ushered in a world characterized by
American dominance. There are also concerns relating to human rights in the People's Republic of China and the political status of
Taiwan. There are constant tides and strides in the Sino-U.S. relations, and diplomatic efforts were taken to maintain the positive direction in this international relationship, such as
James R. Lilley around
1990s.
While there are some tensions in
American-Chinese relations, there are also many stabilizing factors.
The PRC and the United States are major trade partners and have common interests in the prevention and suppression of terrorism and nuclear proliferation.
The U.S.-China trade relationship is the second largest in the world.
China is also the largest foreign creditor for the United States.
China's challenges and difficulties are mainly internal, and there is a desire to maintain stable relations with the United States. The American-Chinese relationship has been described by top leaders and academics as the world's most important bilateral relationship of the
21st century. As the countries become more and more intertwined, greater numbers of
Chinese and
Americans have experience visiting, studying, working, and living in the others' country. Still, the role played by the media in shaping views remains large. In recent years, public opinion polling and other scholarship has sharpened our understanding of how images and attitudes in the two countries are formed and how those influence policies.
In
2012, the
PRC criticized
Obama's new defense strategy, which was widely viewed as aiming to isolate China in the
East Asian region, for assuming a provocative and threatening posture in the
Pacific and escalating
America's containment strategy.[76] Obama is looking to increase
US military influence in the area with a rotating presence of forces in friendly countries.[77]
In
March 2012 China suddenly began cutting back its purchases of oil from
Iran, along with some signs on sensitive security issues like
Syria and
North Korea, showed some coordination with the
Obama administration.
A PLA-affiliated hacking group based outside
Shanghai has been responsible for more than
100 attacks on
United States government departments,
American companies, and journalist website, according to an American computer security firm, Mandiant. A national intelligence estimate by multiple
American intelligence agencies concur with the report. A
White House official said that the United States will be "more-aggressive" in responding to cyberwarfare amd cyberespionage conducted by the
Chinese government.
Cyberespionage originating from China has also been reported by companies in
France and
Germany. China responded by saying that the accusations of hacking are flawed and unreliable, and accused the United States of being the origin of attacks against
Chinese military websites.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-China_relations
- published: 07 Jul 2014
- views: 1467