- published: 11 Apr 2016
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Neuchâtel (French pronunciation: [nøʃatɛl]), Old French: neu(f) "new" + chatel "castle" (French: château); German: Neuenburg; Italian: Neocastello or Nuovocastello; Romansh: Neuchâtel or Neufchâtel) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel on Lake Neuchâtel.
The city has as of December 2013 approximately 33,600 inhabitants (80,000 in the metropolitan area). The city is sometimes referred to historically by the German name Neuenburg , which has the same meaning, since it originally belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and later Prussia, which ruled the area until 1848.
The official language of Neuchâtel is French.
Neuchâtel is a pilot of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.
The oldest traces of humans in the municipal area are the remains of a Magdalenian hunting camp, which was dated to 13,000 BC. It was discovered in 1990 during construction of the A5 motorway at Monruz (La Coudre). The site was about 5 m (16 ft) below the main road. Around the fire pits carved flints and bones were found. In addition to the flint and bone artifacts three tiny earrings from lignite were found. The earrings may have served as symbols of fertility and represent the oldest known art in Switzerland. This first camp was used by Cro-Magnons to hunt horse and reindeer in the area. Azilian hunters had a camp at the same site at about 11,000 BC. Since the climate had changed, their prey was now deer and wild boar.
2002 (MMII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Gregorian calendar, the 2002nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 2nd year of the 3rd millennium, the 2nd year of the 21st century, and the 3rd year of the 2000s decade.
2002 was designated as:
Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange. As a narrative, philosophical or didactic device, it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed by Plato, but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian literature.
In the 20th century, philosophical treatments of dialogue emerged from thinkers including Mikhail Bakhtin, Paulo Freire, Martin Buber, and David Bohm. Although diverging in many details, these thinkers have articulated a holistic concept of dialogue as a multi-dimensional, dynamic and context-dependent process of creating meaning. Educators such as Freire and Ramón Flecha have also developed a body of theory and technique for using egalitarian dialogue as a pedagogical tool.
The term dialogue stems from the Greek διάλογος (dialogos, conversation); its roots are διά (dia: through) and λόγος (logos: speech, reason). The first extant author who uses the term is Plato, in whose works it is closely associated with the art of dialectic. Latin took over the word as dialogus.