With the death of
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto on
April 18, 1943,
Admiral Mineichi Koga had succeeded as Commander-in-Chief of the
Combined Fleet the following day. Under his direction, the
Imperial Japanese Navy sought to engage the
American fleet in a single decisive battle in early
1944.
From the very start of the conflict in
December 1941, the
Japanese war plan had been to discourage
America by inflicting such severe and painful losses on her military that the public would become war weary and the
American government would be convinced to sue for
peace and allow
Japan to keep her conquests in east and southeast
Asia.Though at a numerical disadvantage from the outset, and an industrial disadvantage that would add to that disparity over the course of time, the Japanese high command believed they could fight the
U.S. Navy in a single, decisive engagement, known as the
Kantai Kessen, which would allow them to defeat the
Americans. However, their ability to fight and win such a battle was slipping away.
Imperial Navy aircrew losses suffered over the course of the earlier carrier battles at
Coral Sea and
Midway, and the long
Solomon Islands campaign of 1942-43, had greatly weakened the
Japanese Navy's ability to project force with their carriers.As the
Guadalcanal campaign was largely fought by the Imperial Navy, losses suffered there drastically reduced the number of skilled carrier pilots available to fill the carrier air groups. Losses suffered in the Solomons could be readily absorbed, replaced and made good by the U.S. Navy, but not by the Japanese. It took nearly a year for the Japanese to reconstitute their airgroups following the
Solomons campaign.
The initial Japanese plan was to engage the
U.S. Pacific Fleet in early 1944, whenever it launched its next offensive, but the decisive battle consequently had to be delayed.
Meanwhile,
American material production capacity, aircrew training, and technological advances made a Japanese victory increasingly difficult to achieve. By the end of
1942, the
Allied navies had overcome most of the technological edges Japan's ships and planes had held at the start of the war. Furthermore, by mid-1943 mass production of ships and improved aircraft began to tip the balance of forces in the favor of the
Allies. Allied educational training practices similarly adapted to new developments, along the way totally revising fleet operations with parallel developments in both the
Combat Information Center and in their doctrine, training, and practices to get the most out of the new communications and sensor technologies.[citation needed]
After puncturing Japan's 'outer' defensive ring at the costly
Battle of Tarawa in late 1943, the U.S. Navy brought these improvements together in the form of the
Fast Carrier Task Force, under Admiral
Marc Mitscher (known as
Task Force 58 when part of Admiral
Raymond Spruance's
Fifth Fleet and
Task Force 38 when part of Admiral
William F. Halsey's
Third Fleet). Led by this main strike force, in early 1944 the U.S. fleet continued its advance in a steady progression across the islands of the
Central Pacific.[9] After achieving their goals in the
Gilbert Islands campaign, the Americans began a series of softening-up missions aimed at weakening Japanese land-based airpower to limit Japan's ability to interfere with future amphibious invasions. Few U.S. commanders realized how powerful Task Force 58 had become. Though initially undertaken with trepidation, the raids proved to be successful beyond anything U.S. planners had imagined, and changed the manner in which the war would be pursued.
In
March 1944, Admiral
Koga was killed when his aircraft flew into a typhoon and crashed.A new Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, Admiral
Soemu Toyoda, was appointed. He continued the current work, finalizing the Japanese plans known as "
Plan A-Go", or "
Operation A-Go"The plan was adopted in early June 1944, then within weeks quickly put into place to engage the American fleet now detected heading for
Saipa
World War two USA-Japanese
Battle of the Philippine Sea Decisive
Navy force 百年航母之莱特湾大大海戰,for more information about china world news visit site at
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- published: 26 Jun 2015
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