Jan van Eyck A Flemish Painter - Northern Renaissance Paintings and The Ghent Altarpiece
Jan van Eyck A Flemish
Painter -
Northern Renaissance Paintings and
The Ghent Altarpiece
-
Authentic Hand Painted Canvas Art (Jan van Eyck Oil Paintings)
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Jan van Eyck (or Johaes de Eyck) (1390 -- 1441) was a
Flemish painter active in Bruges and is generally considered one of the most significant
Northern European painters of the
15th century. The few surviving records indicate that he was born around 1390, most likely in Maaseik.
Outside of works completed with his brother
Hubert van Eyck and those ascribed to Hand G —believed to be Jan— of the
Turin-Milan Hours illuminated manuscript, only about 23 surviving works are confidently attributed to him, of which ten, including the
Ghent altarpiece, are signed and dated.
Little is known of his early life, but his emergence as a collectable painter generally follows his appointment to the court of
Philip the Good c. 1425, and from this
point his activity in the court is comparatively well documented. Van Eyck had previously served
John of Bavaria-Straubing, then ruler of
Holland,
Hainault and
Zeeland. By this time van Eyck had assembled a workshop and was involved in redecorating the
Binnenhof palace in
The Hague. After
John's death in 1425 he moved to Bruges and came to the attention of Philip the Good. He served as both court artist and diplomat and became a senior member of the Tournai painters' guild, where he enjoyed the company of similarly esteemed artists such as
Robert Campin and
Rogier van der Weyden. Over the following decade van Eyck's reputation and technical ability grew, mostly from his innovative approaches towards the handling and manipulating of oil paint. His revolutionary approach to oil was such that a myth, perpetuated by
Giorgio Vasari, arose that he had invented oil painting
.
In the earliest significant source on van Eyck, a 1454 biography in Genoese humanist
Bartolomeo Facio's
De viris illustribus, Jan van Eyck is named "the leading painter" of his day. Facio places him among the best artists of the early 15th century, along with Rogier van der Weyden,
Gentile da Fabriano, and
Pisanello. It is particularly interesting that Facio shows as much enthusiasm for Netherlandish painters as he does for
Italian painters. This text sheds light on aspects of Jan van Eyck's production now lost, citing a bathing scene owned by a prominent
Italian, but mistakenly attributing to van Eyck a world map painted by another. Facio records that van Eyck was a learned man, and that he was versed in the classics, particularly
Pliny the Elder's work on painting. This is supported by records of an inscription from
Ovid's
Ars Amatoria, which was on the now-lost original frame of the
Arnolfini Portrait, and by the many
Latin inscriptions in van Eyck paintings, using the
Roman alphabet, then reserved for educated men. Jan van Eyck likely had some knowledge of
Latin for his many missions abroad on behalf of the
Duke.
Jan van Eyck died in Bruges in 1441 and was buried in the
Church of St Donatian, which was later destroyed during the
French Revolution.
Jan van Eyck Paintings
Portraits;
Portrait of a Man with a
Blue Chaperon (c. 1430 ),
Léal Souvenir (1432 ),
Portrait of Cardinal Niccolò Albergati (1432 ), Portrait of a Man (
Self Portrait? ), (1433 ), Arnolfini Portrait (1434 ),
Portrait of Baudouin de Lannoy (c. 1435 ), Portrait of a Man with
Carnation (1435 ),
Portrait of Jan de Leeuw (1436 ),
Portrait of
Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini (c. 1438 ),
Portrait of Margaret van Eyck (1439)
Single religious works;
Annunciation (c. 1434--36 ),
Madonna of Chancellor Rolin (1435 ),
Lucca Madonna (1436 ),
Virgin and Child with
Canon van der Paele (1436 ),
Madonna in the Church (c. 1438--40 ),
Madonna at the Fountain (1439 ), Annunciation (c. 1440 ),
Portrait of Christ (
Vera Icon) (1440)
Polyptychs;
Ghent Altarpiece (with Hubert van Eyck, completed 1432 ),
Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych (c. 1430--40 ),
Dresden Triptych (c 1437)
Drawings;
Saint Barbara (1437 ),
Study for Cardinal Niccolò Albergati (c. 1432).
Lost or contested; Turin-Milan Hours ('Hand G', c. 1420 ),
Portrait of Isabella of Portugal (c. 1428--29 ),
Woman at Her Toilet (c. 1434 ),
Madonna and Child with a Donor (after 1440).
Workshop;
Ince Hall Madonna (after 1434 ),
St. Francis Receiving the Stygmata (c. 1440 ),
Saint Jerome in His Study (1442 ), Crucifixion (c. 1445 ),
The Fountain of Life (c. 1445).