Genomics

George Church on the Future of Human Genomics and Synthetic Biology

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• published: 29 Oct 2014
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http://research.ncsu.edu/ges In his talk “The Future of Human Genomics and Synthetic Biology,” Church discussed the exponentially fast pace of emerging genetic technologies (due in part to his own inventions and advancements in the fields of genetics and synthetic biology) and the application of these technologies to present and future work. Synthetic biology, which includes altering gene sequences and expression of genes in living organisms, relies on existing and emerging technologies to manipulate and reconstruct genes and genomes. Church noted that we have been genetically engineering humans for decades. The first recombinant DNA (DNA joined from different sources) was achieved in the 1970s and paved the way for advances such as gene knock-in and knock-out applications, which are widely used today in biotechnology, medicine, and research. Advances in genome sequencing have also led to targeted gene therapy techniques, including regulation of gene expression using technologies such as RNA interference, which can selectively degrade the messenger RNA of a specific gene or prevent translation of a gene’s mRNA into protein. Church’s own technology, the use of the CRISPR/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system to edit specific gene sequences, is a new contender for targeted gene therapy and potential alteration of genomes of entire populations, such as disease transmitting Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Many technologies in synthetic biology exist and continue to develop. The difficulty largely lies in deciding which technological implementations to allow. Church noted future applications such as releasing more genetically modified organisms (GMOs)into the wild, altering ageing genes to extend human life, and manipulating genes to help humans adapt to life in space The GES program is unique example of engaged scholarship that serves as a regional, national, and international hub of interdisciplinary, research analysis and inclusive dialogue surrounding opportunities and challenges associated with genetic engineering and society. It is unique in the nation and world in its blending of approaches from natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. The GES Center provides mechanisms for discussion and rigorous, trustworthy analysis about how products of genetic engineering and synthetic biology may impact society and the environment. Find out more at http://research.ncsu.edu/ges