Chittaranjan (Bengali: চিত্তরঞ্জন) is a census town in Asansol subdivision of Burdwan District in the state of West Bengal, India. This is famous for Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, a Indian Government railway factory.

Chittaranjan is located at 23°52′N 86°52′E / 23.87°N 86.87°E / 23.87; 86.87. It has an average elevation of 155 metres (508 feet).

The Asansol-Durgapur region is composed of undulating latterite. This area lies between two mighty rivers – the Damodar and the Ajay. They flow almost parallel to each other in the region – the average distance between the two rivers is around 30 km. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal led to industrialisation of the area and most of the forests have been cleared. At the western fringe of the area the Barakar forms the boundary with Jharkhand. There is a small stretch of land border with Jharkhand in the Chittaranjan area.

As of 2001^[update] India census, Chittaranjan had a population of 45,925. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Chittaranjan has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 88% and female literacy of 79%. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Chittaranjan Das (C. R. Das) (Bengali: চিত্তরঞ্জন দাস Chittorônjon Dash) (popularly called Deshbandhu "Friend of the country") (5 November 1870 – 16 June 1925) was an Indian politician and leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal under British rule.

After failing the competitive entrance examination for the British-dominated Indian Civil Service, Das entered the legal profession. He defended many accused of political offenses and took an active part in nationalistic journalism.

Bitterly opposing British rule in India and rejecting all ideas of political or economic development of India along Western lines, he idealized the life of the ancient Indian village and saw a golden age in ancient Indian history. He supported the noncooperation movement launched against British rule by Mahatma Gandhi and in 1921 was imprisoned for six months as a political offender. In 1922 he became president of the Indian National Congress. Under his leadership the Congress abandoned its intentions to boycott colonially sponsored elections for provincial councils. It decided instead to participate in order to seek positions that would permit them to obstruct governmental business from within.