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Pakistan officially the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign country in
South Asia. With a population exceeding 191 million people, it is the sixth most populous country and with an area covering 796,095 km2 (307,374 sq mi), it is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area. Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the
Arabian Sea and the
Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by
India to the east,
Afghanistan to the west,
Iran to the southwest and
China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from
Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow
Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with
Oman.
The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the
Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the
Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols,
Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the
Indian Mauryan Empire, the
Persian Achaemenid Empire,
Alexander of Macedonia, the
Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the
Mongol Empire, the
Mughal Empire, the
Durrani Empire, the
Sikh Empire and the
British Empire. As a result of the
Pakistan Movement led by
Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in
1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of Subcontinent where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in
1956, becoming an
Islamic republic. A civil war in
1971 resulted in the secession of
East Pakistan as the new country of
Bangladesh.
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similar variation in its geography and wildlife. A regional and middle power, Pakistan has the seventh largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state, being the only nation in the
Muslim world, and the second in South Asia, to have that status. It has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector, its economy is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 45th largest in terms of nominal
GDP and is also characterized among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world.
The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with neighbouring
India. The country continues to face challenging problems, including overpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, and corruption.
- published: 09 Jul 2015
- views: 2367