Taínos BBC Spirits of the Jaguar 3of4 Hunters of the Caribbean Sea

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• published: 13 May 2014
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Documental sobre la etnia Taína a la llegada de los Europeos al Nuevo Mundo. Episodio completo sobre los Taínos. Filmado en Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico: Historians believe the island nation was once ruled by about 20 Taíno "Caciques," or states, and sheltered dozens of Taíno cities. One unearthed by archaeologists boasted seven plazas and is believed to have held thousands of residents, who eventually succumbed to the Spanish soldiers and European diseases that followed Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. Hurricane, canoe, barbecue, hammock. The words roll comfortably off our tongues, but they were probably first spoken by voices from the past: the Taíno, the virtually forgotten people who first occupied the Caribbean islands more than 2,000 years ago. Archaeologists believe the Taíno, whose story is told in the third installment of SPIRITS OF THE JAGUAR, originally lived on the shores of northeastern South America, near present-day Venezuela. As their population grew, it became traditional for young people to be evicted from their villages and sent out into wilderness to found new settlements. Eventually, some pioneering groups built log canoes and began settling the islands that could be seen offshore to the east, low on the horizon. Over the centuries, they island-hopped their way north through the Caribbean, eventually following the crescent of islets all the way to the Florida peninsula. By the 1400s, the Taíno had forged a highly organized society divided into dozens of political divisions similar to states. Puerto Rico, for instance, is believed to have been governed by about 20 "Caciques," or states, while Hispaniola (the island which includes Haiti and the Dominican Republic) was divided into five Caciques. In addition to providing defense against raiding parties from hostile islands, the nobles who led the caciques sponsored artists, shepherded the economy, and organized periodic festivals that brought Taino communities together for games and religious celebrations. The games weren't always just for fun: the Taíno version of soccer, for instance, was played with a potentially lethal solid ball made from rubber and cotton. Players wore special protective belts and pads to protect their bodies. For more than 200 years, from 1200 to the late 1400s, Taíno chiefs were lords of millions of island inhabitants. In 1492, however, they were among the first New Worlders to welcome Columbus -- and the meeting marked the beginning of the end for the Taíno. Unable to resist either the disease brought by the Europeans or their military might, the Taíno culture collapsed and virtually disappeared. For generations, it attracted little notice from historians or archaeologists. In 1492, the Taíno were among the first to welcome Columbus. In recent years, however, spectacular finds have rekindled interest in the original inhabitants of the Caribbean. In 1997, for instance, archaeologists found the remains of a major Taíno city on the eastern most part of the Dominican Republic. The discovery of the city's long-hidden ceremonial plazas and homes "is going to give us more insight into the Taíno than has ever been known before," says Indiana University archaeologist Charles Beeker. Particularly exciting is the treasure trove of artwork and everyday items found, almost perfectly preserved, in a 200-foot-deep cenote, or natural well, next to the ancient city. Everything from wooden axes and pottery to woven baskets and jewelry sits in silt at the bottom of the pool, according to divers. There is even a priceless "duho," the carved wooden throne of a Taíno chief. For perhaps 500 years, the throne has sat empty, waiting for its royal owner to return.(from:http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/spirits/html/tainobodytaino.html)