Vienna Development Method

The Vienna Development Method (VDM) is one of the longest-established formal methods for the development of computer-based systems. Originating in work done at IBM's Vienna Laboratory in the 1970s, it has grown to include a group of techniques and tools based on a formal specification language - the VDM Specification Language (VDM-SL). It has an extended form, VDM++, which supports the modeling of object-oriented and concurrent systems. Support for VDM includes commercial and academic tools for analyzing models, including support for testing and proving properties of models and generating program code from validated VDM models. There is a history of industrial usage of VDM and its tools and a growing body of research in the formalism has led to notable contributions to the engineering of critical systems, compilers, concurrent systems and in logic for computer science.

Philosophy

Computing systems may be modeled in VDM-SL at a higher level of abstraction than is achievable using programming languages, allowing the analysis of designs and identification of key features, including defects, at an early stage of system development. Models that have been validated can be transformed into detailed system designs through a refinement process. The language has a formal semantics, enabling proof of the properties of models to a high level of assurance. It also has an executable subset, so that models may be analyzed by testing and can be executed through graphical user interfaces, so that models can be evaluated by experts who are not necessarily familiar with the modeling language itself.

VDM-11

VDM-11 is a potent cannabinoid reuptake inhibitor. It is light-sensitive and therefore must be stored within an inert gas such as argon, in a dark place and at an ideal temperature of -20°C. This gold-colored substance is rarely found outside of research laboratories.

See also

References

VDM

VDM may refer to:

Traffic

Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, buses and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic.

Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections.

Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs. Traffic is often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car, truck); other vehicle (e.g., moped, bicycle); and pedestrian. Different classes may share speed limits and easement, or may be segregated. Some jurisdictions may have very detailed and complex rules of the road while others rely more on drivers' common sense and willingness to cooperate.

Traffic (ABC album)

Traffic is the first new album of original material released by English band ABC in eleven years. The album's songs were written whilst the band toured the United States in 2006. Critics have described the album as the most 'satisfying ABC album since the mid-'80s by far'.

Drummer David Palmer, who left the band in 1982 after recording The Lexicon of Love, returned to record this album, for which he co-wrote all of the tracks.

Gary Langan returned to mix the album after working as sound engineer on The Lexicon of Love and producing Beauty Stab.

Allmusic described Traffic as 'the album that ABC fans were probably hoping for in 1985' and considered that Fry's 'lyrical mastery was back in place' in the album's songs which showed 'an elegant mix of soul and style'.

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Martin Fry, Chuck Kentis, and David Palmer.

Traffic (disambiguation)

Traffic is the flux or passage of motorized vehicles, unmotorized vehicles, and pedestrians on roads; or the commercial transport and exchange of goods; or the movement of passengers or people.

Traffic or trafficking may also refer to:

In transportation

In art, entertainment, and media

In film

In music