A Life Model Decoy (frequently known by the abbreviation LMD) is fictional android appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics.

History[link]

It is designed to function as an exact body double for VIPs. Their design is such that they mimic the subject's outer appearance (i.e., fingerprints, hair, all details of the skin), speech patterns, scent, iris and retina patterns, body language, thought patterns (to fool telepaths), and any other biological indicators. Aside from any invasive procedure or strong EMP, they are indistinguishable from the original.

LMDs first appeared in Strange Tales #135 (August 1965), in which the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. created LMDs of agent Nick Fury to use as decoys for an attack by HYDRA.

Known Life Model Decoys[link]

There were some known Life Model Decoys that were modeled after different people. Here are the ones that were seen:

• 281 - ^[1]
• 361 - ^[2]
• 391 - ^[3]
• 399 - ^[1]
• 442 - ^[2]
• 737 - ^[2]
• Amber D’Alexis - The Life Model Decoy of the mother of Mikel Fury.^[4]
• Annie - A female Life Model Decoy created and programmed by Bruce Banner to assist Red Hulk between missions.^[5]
• Bucky - ^[6]
• Chuck - A Life Model Decoy who was the driver for Red Hulk and Annie. He was destroyed by Black Fog.^[7]
• Deadpool - Someone had created a bunch of Deadpool Life Model Decoys that attacked Deadpool.^[8]
• Iron Man - ^[9]
• Maria Hill - Had a Life Model Decoy during her tenure as the Director of S.H.I.E.L.D.
• Max Fury - An enchanced S.H.I.E.L.D. Life Model Decoy of Nick Fury that was stolen by Scorpio.^[10] It later took on the name of Max Fury when it was recruited into the Shadow Council.^[11]
• Nick Fury - Nick Fury had a lot of Life Model Decoys which were common in the Marvel Universe.
• Nightshade - ^[12]
• Sharon Carter - ^[13]
• Steve Rogers - ^[14]
• Thor - ^[15]
• Thunderbolt Ross - A Life Model Decoy of General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross, which replaced the General to cover up his transformations into the Red Hulk.^[16]
• Tony Stark - He used a number of Life Model Decoys.
• Valentina Rychenko - ^[17]

Other versions[link]

Heroes Reborn[link]

In the "Heroes Reborn" universe, Captain America was brainwashed into living a suburbanite life, for his protection, and his wife and son were LMDs.

In other media[link]

Television[link]

• The Life Model Decoys The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes. In "The Breakout" Pt. 2, a Life Model Decoy of Nick Fury is destroyed by Graviton while taking the place of the actual Nick Fury.
• In the Iron Man: Armored Adventures episode "Extremis," a Life Model Decoy of Nick Fury was used to confront ex-S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Mallen and ended up destroyed.

Film[link]

• The Life Model Decoys appeared in the Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. film.
• In The Avengers, Tony Stark tries to avoid a phone call from S.H.I.E.L.D Agent Coulson by claiming, in an answering machine/voice-mail fashion, that the caller has reached Stark's LMD instead.

Video games[link]

• In Spider-Man: Friend or Foe, the Helicarrier's computer tells Spider-Man during the Cairo, Egypt, briefing that she had lied by stating that the real Nick Fury was a Life Model Decoy.
• Life Model Decoys of Nick Fury appear in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Nick Fury LMD at Marvel Appendix

This Marvel Comics–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Art model posing in a French painting school

Art models are models who pose for photographers, painters, sculptors, and other artists as part of their work of art. Art models who pose in the nude for life drawing are usually called life models. Art models are often paid, sometimes even professional, human subjects, who aid in creating a portrait or other work of art including such figure wholly or partially.

Models are frequently used during art classes, but are also employed by professional artists. The most common types of art created using models are figure drawing, figure painting, sculpture and photography. Although commercial motives dominate over aesthetics in advertising, its 'artwork' commonly employs models.

Throughout the history of Western art, drawing the human figure from living models was considered the most useful way to develop the skill of draftsmanship. In the art school classroom setting, where the purpose is to learn how to draw the human form in all the different shapes, ages and ethnicity, there are no real limitations on who the model can be. In some cases, the model may pose with various props, one or more other models, animals etc., against real or artificial background, in natural or artificial light and so on.

Models for life drawing classes are often nude, apart from visually non-obstructive personal items such as small jewelry and sometimes eyeglasses. This may be referred to as being "undraped" or "disrobed". (Alternatively, a cache-sexe may be worn. Eadward Muybridge's historic scientific studies of the male and female form in motion, for example, has examples of both usages.)

Posing[link]

While posing, the model is expected to remain motionless, like a mannequin, except for 'moving poses'. An experienced model will not speak, wriggle, scratch, or readjust during the pose, unless confronted by an artist or instructor who doesn't believe in complete stillness and silence in poses. To accommodate the physical limitations of the model, the model and instructor or artist may agree a schedule such as 25 minutes on, 10 minutes off to relax the muscles. The model's level of experience and skill may be taken into account in determining the length of the posing session and the difficulty of the poses.

Life drawing class.

Poses generally fall into three categories: standing, seated and reclining. Within each of these there are varying levels of difficulty, so one kind is not always easier than another. Artists and life drawing instructors will often prefer poses in which the body is being exerted, for a more dynamic and aesthetically interesting subject. Common poses such as standing twists, slouched seated poses and especially the classical contrapposto are difficult to sustain accurately for any amount of time, although it is often surprising what a skilled professional model can do. Poses can range in length from several seconds to many hours. Short dynamic poses may be used for gesture drawing exercises, with the model striking a pose - which can include strenuous or precarious positions that could not be sustained for a longer pose - just long enough for the artist to quickly capture the essence of it. Active, gestural, or challenging standing poses are often scheduled at the beginning of a session when the models' energy level is highest. Short exercises in drawing classes typically run from 5 to 25 minutes. For extended poses in which the model will take one or more breaks, chalk marks and/or masking tape are often used to help the model resume the same pose. These breaks - during which the model usually wears a robe or puts on clothing - allow the model to stretch, relax and attend to other needs.

In life drawing rooms of art schools, the platform where the life model poses for the students is sometimes referred to as the dais.

Nude models[link]

Masked nude, drawing by Thomas Eakins (c. 1863–66)

Models for life drawing classes are often entirely nude, apart from visually non-obstructive personal items such as small jewelry and sometimes eyeglasses. In a job advertisement seeking nude models, this may be referred to as being "undraped" or "disrobed". (Alternatively, a cache-sexe may be worn. Eadward Muybridge's historic scientific studies of the male and female form in motion, for example, has examples of both usages.)

In Western countries, there is generally no objection to either sex posing nude for or drawing members of the opposite sex. However, this was not always so in the past, particularly prior to the 20th century. In 1886, Thomas Eakins was famously dismissed from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art for removing the loincloth from a male model in a mixed classroom. Similarly, Victorian modesty required the female model to pose nude with her face draped (illustration). European arts academies did not allow women to study the nude at all until the end of the nineteenth century. According to RAM guidelines in the U.K., art instructors and institutions consider the incident of a male model gaining an erection while posing cause for termination of the model's contract, or at any rate, grounds for not hiring him again.^[1] Policies may vary in other parts of the world.

During art school classes or an academic setting, it is commonly prohibited for anyone (including the instructor) to touch the model. Very close examination or requests for adjustment are typical—with the permission of the model. A few institutions allow only the instructor to speak directly with the model.

Additionally, nude models are sometimes paid to model as part of a performance or work of art; a fine example is the work of Vanessa Beecroft. Nude modeling can also occur in a private setting as demonstrated in the films As Good as It Gets and Maze. Finally, a person can be their own model, while solo, with or without mirrors.

Clothed models[link]

Manet's Le Bar aux Folies-Bergère, painted from a clothed model

A photographic model posing for a group

The clothed or costumed model is as much in demand as the nude, especially in commercial art. Nineteenth century models who applied for work at painters' studios were expected to wear and look appropriate in period dress or character costume, and sometimes supply the garments themselves. Today, many art and design schools still train their students to sketch the dressed figure, and often pay more for costume models, who maintain their own wardrobes, than for nude models.

Training and selection[link]

Unlike fashion modeling, the setting in an art school classroom is for the purpose of learning how to draw humans of different shapes, ages, and ethnicities. Thus, there are few limitations on who the model could be. However, younger and better looking models are often more likely to be hired and re-hired, other things being equal.^[2] If the modeling is done nude, children are excluded as they are considered too young to pose. The minimum age can vary, but is often 15 to 18. Despite being nonsexual in nature, this may be influenced by the age of consent (i.e. at or slightly below).

In some countries there are organizations which concern themselves with the competence, conduct and reliability of art models. An example is the Register of Artists' Models (RAM) in the United Kingdom. Some basic training is offered to beginners and membership is by audition – to test competence, not to discriminate on grounds of physical characteristics. RAM also acts as an important employment exchange for models and publishes the 'RAM Guidelines', which are widely referred to by models and employers.

A similar organization in the United States, the Bay Area Models Guild in California, was founded in 1947. The Life Models' Society of Victoria, based in Melbourne, Australia was founded in 1989.^[3] It is the most vibrant and professional group in Australia and its existence has assisted in the pay and rights of models being adhered to within Victoria, as opposed to the other states.^[4] The Figure Models Guild of Washington, D.C. was founded in 2002.^[5]

The Art Model's Handbook explains how to pose for art classes, professional artists, and fine art photographers.

Mademoiselle Rose, ca. 1820. Eugène Delacroix.

History[link]

The Greeks, who had the naked body constantly before them in the exercises of the gymnasium, had far less need of professional models than the moderns; but it is scarcely likely that they could have attained the high level reached by their works without constant study from nature. It was probably in Ancient Greece that models were first used. The story told of Zeuxis by Valerius Maximus, who had five of the most beautiful virgins of the city of Crotone offered him as models for his picture of Helen, proves their occasional use. The names of some of these models of the era are themselves known, such as the beautiful Phryne who modeled for many paintings and sculptures.

During the Renaissance, painters generally made use of their relations and friends as models, of which many examples might be quoted from Venice, Florence, Rome and other places, and the stories of Titian and the duchess of Ferrara and of Botticelli and Simonetta Vespucci, go to show that ladies of exalted rank were sometimes not averse to having their charms immortalized by the painter's brush. Paid models were not unknown, as the story of the unfortunate contadino used by Jacopo Sansovino as model for his statue of the Bacchus will show.^[6]

Artists' models as a special class appeared when the establishment of schools for the study of the human figure created a regular demand, and since that time the remuneration offered has ensured a continual supply. In the media era, modeling is also coveted as a way to achieve notoriety or even celebrity status opening the way to other careers, such as acting.

Non-academic modeling[link]

Photograph of Peter Graham in his studio with his mother as model

Models are hired by a variety of creative professionals, including not only painters and sculptors, but any artist, designer, or craftsman who requires a human model for study. The conventions for this type of modeling are much less well defined, especially as the models are often friends or family. Artists who regularly hire strangers may observe art school standards in order to make models feel more comfortable, and to avoid possible legal issues.

Professional artists often have a circle of models they work through, hiring and adding as time passes. When a comfortable working relationship is established, many painters and artists relax their standards and models do the same. Longer poses, more comfortable and casual environments, and more collegial relationships may develop. However, in a professional studio environment, with an artist on a deadline or with commission guidelines, art school and art-model industry standards generally apply, with higher rates of pay and longer, more demanding poses.

See also[link]

• Academy figure
• Florence Wysinger Allen, artists' model from San Francisco, California.

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Model (art)

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
• Rooney, Kathleen (2009). Live Nude Girl: My Life as an Object. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-891-7. 

External links[link]

• Bay Area Models Guild
• Figure Models Guild of Washington, D.C.
• The Art Model's Handbook
• Model's Instructions, How to Prep for Your Photo Shoot
• The Swedish Organisation for Life Models
• The Life Models Society

Clark Gregg
Gregg at the Epic Mickey launch party at the Times Square Disney Store, November 30, 2010.
Born	(1962-04-02) April 2, 1962 (age 50) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Occupation	Actor, director, screenwriter
Years active	1988–present
Spouse	Jennifer Grey (2001–present; 1 child)

Robert Clark Gregg (born April 2, 1962) is an American actor, screenwriter and director. He co-starred as Christine Campbell's ex-husband Richard in the CBS sitcom The New Adventures of Old Christine, which debuted in March 2006 and concluded in May 2010. He is also known for playing FBI Special Agent Mike Casper on the NBC series The West Wing and Phil Coulson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (Iron Man, Iron Man 2, Thor, and The Avengers).

Career[link]

Gregg at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International.

Gregg has^[1] been featured in a number of supporting roles in films, such as Lovely & Amazing, In Good Company, and The Human Stain, and a number of guest spots on TV series, such as Will & Grace, Sports Night, Sex and the City and The West Wing. He also wrote the screenplay for the 2000 thriller What Lies Beneath.

He is the director and screenwriter of the 2008 film Choke, based on the Chuck Palahniuk novel of the same name, starring Sam Rockwell.^[2]Gregg consulted his father, an emeritus religion professor at Stanford, for the quotation from Paul of Tarsus' letter to the Galatians which Gregg used in Choke.^[3] Gregg's father is also the former chaplain at Stanford Memorial Church.

In 2008, Gregg appeared in the film Iron Man as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Phil Coulson.^[4] In 2010, Gregg reprised his role as Agent Coulson for Iron Man 2. Gregg had since signed up for a multiple film deal as the character with Marvel Studios. In 2011, he returned again as Coulson for Thor.^[5] Gregg noted his being a part of the expanding Marvel Cinematic Universe as being very exciting, "Agent Coulson was one of the guys who wasn't really in the comic books, and he was a very kind of small role in 'Iron Man," he said, "and I was just very lucky that they chose to expand that character and chosen to put him more into the universe of it. It's really a blast!"^[6] Following on from his appearance in Thor, he again reprised his role in The Avengers. Gregg also stars in a series of Marvel short films that center around his character and can be seen on the Blu-ray releases of the films.

In October 2010, Gregg was part of the cast of a staged reading of Larry Kramer's The Normal Heart alongside Dylan Walsh, Lisa Kudrow, and Tate Donovan, presented in Los Angeles on the occasion of the play's 25th anniversary (and preceding the play's 2011 Broadway premiere, which retained elements of this staged reading); the reading was directed by his father-in-law, Joel Grey.

Personal life[link]

Gregg was born April 2, 1962 in Boston, Massachusetts.^[7] He is the son of Mary Layne (née Shine) and Robert Clark Gregg, an Episcopal minister and professor at Stanford University.^[8][9][10] Gregg has been married since July 21, 2001 to actress Jennifer Grey. The couple has one child, daughter Stella, born December 3, 2001. He co-starred with Grey in the Lifetime TV movie Road to Christmas^[11][12] and with her father in Choke.

Filmography[link]

Gregg (left) with his wife, actress Jennifer Grey (right) at the 2010 Epic Mickey launch party.

Actor[link]

• Much Ado About Nothing (2012) as Leonato
• Ultimate Spider-Man (2012) as Agent/Principal Phil Coulson
• The Avengers (2012) as Agent Phil Coulson
• Mr. Popper's Penguins (2011) as Nat Jones
• Thor (2011) as Agent Phil Coulson
• The New Adventures of Old Christine (2011) (TV) as Richard Campbell Sr.
• Iron Man 2 (2010) as Agent Phil Coulson
• (500) Days of Summer (2009) as Vance
• Iron Man (2008) as Agent Phil Coulson
• The New Adventures of Old Christine (2006–2010) (TV series) as Richard Campbell (88 episodes)
• Choke (2008) as Lord High Charlie
• The Air I Breathe (2007) as Henry
• In the Land of Women (2007) as Nelson Hardwicke
• Road to Christmas (2006) (TV) as Tom Pullman
• Hoot (2006) as Chuck Muckle
• Bickford Shmeckler's Cool Ideas (2006) as Publisher
• When a Stranger Calls (2006) as Ben Johnson
• CSI: NY (2005) (TV series) as D.A. Allen McShane (1 episode)
• In Good Company (2004) as Mark Steckle
• The Shield (2004) (TV series) as William Faulks (2 episodes)
• The West Wing (2001–2004) (TV series) as FBI Special Agent Michael Casper (8 episodes)
• In Enemy Hands (2004) as U.S.S. Swordfish: Executive Officer Teddy Goodman
• Spartan (2004) as Miller
• The Human Stain (2003) as Nelson Primus
• 11:14 (2003) as Officer Hannagan
• Will & Grace (2003) (TV series) as Cameron (1 episode)
• Northfork (2003) (uncredited) as Mr. Hadfield
• Live from Baghdad (2002) (TV) as Eason Jordan
• We Were Soldiers (2002) as Captain Tom Metsker
• My Sister's Keeper (2002) (TV) as Harvey
• One Hour Photo (2002) as Detective Paul Outerbridge
• Lovely & Amazing (2001) as Bill
• Artificial Intelligence: AI (2001) as Supernerd
• The Practice (2000) (TV series) as Julie McGrath's Brother (1 episode)
• Sex and the City (TV series) as Harris Bragen (1 episode, 2000)
• State and Main (2000) as Doug Mackenzie
• Sports Night as The Stranger (2 episodes, 2000)
• Magnolia (1999) as WDKK Floor Director
• The Adventures of Sebastian Cole (1998) as Hank/Henrietta Rossi
• Six Ways to Sunday (1997) as Benjamin Taft
• The Spanish Prisoner (1997) as FBI Sniper
• The Last Time I Committed Suicide (1997) as Cop #1
• Touched by an Angel (1996) as Don Dudey (1 episode)
• Central Park West (1 episode)
• Above Suspicion (1995) as Randy
• The Commish (1995) as Tom Cannon (2 episodes)
• Tyson (1995) (TV) as Kevin Rooney
• The Usual Suspects (1995) as Dr. Walters
• The George Carlin Show (1994) (1 episode)
• Clear and Present Danger (1994) as Staff Sergeant
• I Love Trouble (1994) as Darryl Beekman, Jr.
• Ride Me (1994) as Jake Shank
• The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1993) as Dickinson (1 episode)
• Lana in Love (1992) as Marty
• A Woman Named Jackie (1991) (TV mini-series) as Ken O'Donnell
• Shannon's Deal (1991) (1 episode)
• Law & Order (1991) (TV series) as Patrick Dunne (1 episode)
• Fat Man and Little Boy (1989) as Douglas Panton
• Things Change (1988) as Stage Manager
• Lip Service (1988) (TV) as Stage Manager

Director[link]

• Choke (2008)

Writer[link]

• Choke (2008) (adapted screenplay)
• What Lies Beneath (2000) (screenplay and story)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Clark Gregg at the Internet Movie Database
• Clark Gregg at the Internet Broadway Database
• Clark Gregg at Yahoo! Movies

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2008)

Marlisa Marrero Vázquez (born January 16, 1974) better known by her stage name Lisa M or her nicknames "The Queen of Spanish Rap" or "La Suprema" (The Supreme), is a Puerto Rican singer-songwriter, record producer and dancer who fuses genres such as pop, merengue, rap, and reggaetón. She is known as one of first female rap artists to debut in Puerto Rico. She disclosed her lesbianism on Facebook on April 19, 2010.^[1][2][3]

Career[link]

She started her career in 1988 with her debut album Trampa (Trap) on Prime Records in Puerto Rico, home to some of the founders of the genre such as DJ Negro and Playero. Hits from this album including Trampa (Trap) and La Segunda Cita (The Second Encounter), which put her on the map as the first Latin female rapper. She became an overnight success and became solicited to perform at top rated events. After the release, album sales exceeded in the weeks making the album go gold. This made Lisa M. the highest paid rapper in Puerto Rico, the U.S. and Latin America of this genre.

In 1990, Lisa M. released her second album, No Lo Derrumbes, produced by her and Vico C and it included the hits No Lo Derrumbes, Tu Pum-Pum and Menealo. The album went platinum selling 100,000 copies in Puerto Rico alone. The following year was full of changes in her career. She signed with Latin Performers headed by Norma Pujals for management and later signed a recording deal with Sony International Records. This made Lisa M. an international star and was crowned the official "Queen of Spanish Rap."

Her third album Flavor of the Latin included international hits such as Tiempo de Amar (Time to love), Everybody Dancing Now and Flavor of the Latin, earning Lisa M. yet again another platinum plaque. This opened the door for her to perform throughout Latin and South America, the Caribbean, and the U.S. and shared the stage with icons such as Celia Cruz, Tito Puente, José José, Ricardo Montaner, and Selena among others. Lisa M. then released her fourth album Ahora Vengo Alborotá (Now I'm Here Wild). A national tour was later followed by the release of her album that took Lisa to Canada and throughout the U.S. performing on big stages to promote the success of the album.

In 1996, Lisa M. released Soy Atrevida (I'm Daring) and later Muévelo (Your Booty). Then her 6th album Y Sobrevivi (I Survived) was released in 1999, classifying her as "La Suprema" (The Supreme) within the genre.

In 2001, she released her very own calendar and became a host for Telemundo's television show JAMZ, which obtained high ratings and brought reggaetón recognition on an international level. While filming a show for JAMZ, Elias De León, C.E.O. and A&R for renowned label White Lion Records, approached her and offered her a recording deal with them.

She made her comeback in 2006 when she released Respect which spawned the hit song Hey Ladies and received heavy airplay on local Puerto Rican radios. Other hits includes Fuego (Fire), Encendido (Turned On) featuring Voltio and Quitate (Move) featuring Moncho Rivera. The album also features collaborations by reggaetón artists Huracán G, La Bruja,K-Mil and Waydi, along with the most recognized reggaetón producers, Urba & Monserrate, Nesty, Bones,^{[disambiguation needed ]} Taino and Lisa M. herself. This was yet another breakthrough album from Lisa M. of this genre.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Trampa (1988)
• No Lo Derumbes (1990)
• Flavor of the Latin (1991)
• Taste the Flavor of Lisa M. (1992)
• Ahora Vengo Alborota (1992)
• Soy Atrevida (1996)
• Muévelo (Your Booty) (1996)
• Y Sobreviví (1999)
• Respect (2006)
• Respect Deluxe Edition (2007)

Albums appeared on

See also[link]

	Biography portal
	Puerto Rico portal

• List of Puerto Ricans

References[link]

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2010)

External links[link]

• Lisa M on Myspace