Czech handball (to the letter called national handball in Czech) is an outdoor ball game which was created in 1905 in Prague and up to this date is played. This sport is very similar to the Team handball.

The Czech handball was first mentioned by Vaclav Karas, a teacher a Prague, in a sports journal in Brno in 1905. Soon after, rule changes were effected by other teachers, by the name of Klenka and Kristof. Thanks to Kristof, the first Czech handball association was established (in Prague) and the rules were made public in 1908.

Students from Russia and Yugoslavia, who had become acquainted with Czech handball in Prague, brought this sport to their countries. In Yugoslavia, the sport expanded very fast, and became very popular. Czech teachers were teaching the Czech handball in Russian middle schools and there was a competition with 14 teams in Charkov in 1915, but efforts to expand the sport ended after the October Revolution.

In 1921, the Czechoslovakian Association of Handball and Women's Sports became a member of the International Women's Sports Federation. In this federation, the rules of Czech handball were made official (in those times, there was also one similar sport, Field handball in Germany. Some international federations preferred Czech handball, others preferred Field handball). The first international matches were played.