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Colonial Legacies Monday: RESPONSES TO EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM Wednesday: THE FORMATION OF
NEW IDENTITIES
,RESPONSES TO EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM
Always ask: Why did certain types of responses emerge? What responses were possible?
,CRITICAL ISSUES
What is the
Nature of
Western Power?
Does response require Westernization? Is Westernization simply technology transfer, or more? How does Westernization affect ways of life, values, beliefs? ,TYPES OF RESPONSES Rebelling/
Wars of
Resistance
Investigating and Adapting Embracing Rejecting Fusing & Resisting ,
Western Imperialism in
China to 1842-1912 Rebelling/Resistance Goals
Open China to Western
Commercial Penetration
Alter Chinese Diplomatic Forms Legalize
Opium Trade Method Warfare (
Opium Wars,
Gunboat Diplomacy)
Military Garrisons Imposition of
Unequal Treaties,
Treaty Ports ,Rebelling/Resistance Treaty Ports =
Tiny enclaves of foreign influence and government located in coastal and eastern China. --After
1860, foreigners legally free to travel. -- Missionaries had the right to work, live, own, or lease property anywhere. -- Extraterritoriality: exempt from
Chinese law
,Rebelling/Resistance
Boxer Uprising 1900 What?
Popular uprising – farmers & laborers
Martial arts, magic charms vs.
Gatling gun Method:
Attack missions, legations
Destroy railroads and telegraph Outcome:
Invasion,
Retribution, crippling of government
,
Legacy “
Never Forget National Humiliation”
Wall,
Old Summer Palace,
Beijing,
P.R.China
,Rebelling/Resistance
Physical Rebellion
From
First Opium War in China (1839) to the
Fifth Ashanti War in
West Africa (
1901):
British Forces carried out over
220 military actions in
Africa,
Asia, and on
Pacific Islands. ,Rebelling/Resistance US
Pacific Empire "
Philippine-American War,
1899-1902” Anti-Colonial
Guerilla Warfare in
Eastern Asia Over
300,
000 Filipinos
+ 5000
Americans killed; cost $640 million ,Rebelling/Resistance Intellectual-Moral-Spiritual Rebellion
China: Ethics vs.
Western Science and
Technology India:
Spiritual values vs. Western Materialism Africa: Negritude
Differences Basis of Nationalisms
Today: Anti-Westernism,
Opposition to
WTO, “fundamentalist” movement ,Investigating and Adapting
Japan: Fact-Finding Missions to
Europe and
USA
Search for
Secrets of Western
Wealth and
Power New
Westernized Education System Restructure society - abolish social classes. Restructure government – centralize. Restructure economy – Government-Industry
Partnership.
Heavy Industry (Military). Exports of
Cash Crops. Westernization == “
Revolution from above.” ,
Results China remains weak, civil war & revolution
Japan becomes Colonial Power in Asia, confronts the
United States ,Embracing Values -- “modernity,” “progress,” “human rights,” “nationhood,” “
Christianity”
Cultural borrowing – education, high tea, uniforms, architecture, sports ,Embracing Western Science/
Culture Superior to
Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Practices
,Embracing
Become Modern
,Embracing
... Bobbed Hair,
Eveready Batteries, Chi-pao dress,
Tango Girls, Cigarettes
,Rejecting
European Civilization/
Science derived/stolen from others
Cheik Anta Diop African origins of humanity
First civilization – Egypt-African
Greek civilization pupil of
Egypt ,Rejecting
Reject "civilizing" features of
European colonialism
Reject "assimilation“ -- based on the false premise of
White racial superiority & independent origin of
European civilization ,
Rejection not complete Arguments based on European archeology, philology, social sciences = Science understood as
Universal, not culturally or racially specific Diop: Docteur es Lettres,
University of Paris,
Sorbonne, 1960
,Fusing From Anti-colonialism to
Nationalism =
Bounded Territory = sovereign and indivisible
notion that
People of common origin, language, beliefs should determine own form of government = self-determination ,Fusing Natio
- published: 24 May 2016
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