Oblique case

Punjabi Grammar: Nouns #3 - Oblique Case

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• published: 29 May 2015
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Punjabi nouns are used in the 'oblique case' when followed by a postposition, small words which follow after. In English, we use prepositions; these come before the word. They describe place, direction, time, etc. For example, 'to', 'for', 'with', 'after', etc. English: With Stephen Punjabi: Stephen with - Stephen naal / ਸਟੀਵਨ ਨਾਲ The transformations into the oblique are all quite regular, luckily, but you need to determine whether or not you're using a MASCULINE or FEMININE noun, and whether it is classified as MARKED or UNMARKED. Summary of changes: Masculine Singular: 1) Same as plural. -aa/-ਆ changes to -e/-ਏ Ex: munDaa/ਮੁੰਡਾ ---- munde/ਮੁੰਡੇ 2) -iaa/-ਇਆ masculine nouns, as with the plural, change to -ae/-ਅਏ. Ex: rupiaa/ਰੁਪਿਆ -- rupae/ਰੁਪਏ 3) Irregular -aa/-ਆ nouns don't change at all. Same as plural, once again. Ex: Bhraa/ਭਰਾ Masculine plural: 1) Standard -e/-ਏ plurals change to -iaaM/ਇਆਂ. Ex: munDe/ਮੁੰਡੇ --- munDiaaM/ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ 2) -ae/-ਅਏ plurals change back to what looks like the singular, but with a nasal added -- iaaM/-ਇਆਂ. NOTE THAT I DID NOT DISCUSS THIS IN THE VIDEO. Ex: rupae/ਰੁਪਏ --- rupiaaM/ਰੁਪਿਆਂ 3) Irregular -aa nouns add a vaaM. NOTE THAT I DID NOT DISCUSS THIS IN THE VIDEO. Ex: bhraa/ਭਰਾ --- bhraavaaM/ਭਰਾਵਾਂ Feminine nouns: No changes! Ex: kuRii/ਕੁੜੀ, kuRii nooM/ਕੁੜੀ ਨੂੰ ; kuRiaaM/ਕੁੜੀਆਂ, kuRiaaM nooM/ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ Note that when discussing travel to a specific destination point, the word for 'to', nooM/ਨੂੰ, is sometimes deleted, but the noun still changes. Ex: I went to my room. maiM aapNe kamre giaa/ਮੈਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਕਮਰੇ ਗਿਆ. You would normally assume that the word 'kamre' above refers to ROOMS, as that is the plural form and there is no visible postposition, but it has actually changed because 'nooM'/ਨੂੰ is implied, just left out. This is very common in Punjabi.