Oenoanda (or Oinoanda, Greek: Οινόανδα), in the upper valley of the River Xanthus, was the most southerly of the tetrapolis^{[disambiguation needed ]} led by Cibyra in the Hellenistic Period, which was dissolved by L. Licinius Murena in 84 BCE, whereupon Oenoanda became part of the koinon of Lycia, as its inscriptions abundantly demonstrate. The early history of the settlement is obscure, in spite of an exploratory survey carried out, with permission of the Turkish authorities, by B.I.A.A. in 1974-76.

The site was first noted by Hoskyns and Forbes, in 1841, and published in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, xii (1843). It is noted for the philosophical inscription by the Epicurean, Diogenes of Oenoanda, and recovered in scattered fragments, apparently from the stoa, which it cannot be assumed he erected himself. The stoa of Diogenes was dismantled in the second half of the third century CE to make room for a defensive wall; previously the site had been undefended.

Oenoanda was replaced in stages by the medieval village now represented by Incealiler, which partly overlies the ancient site.