- published: 01 Nov 2015
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Bodybuilding is a form of physical exercise and body modification involving intensive muscle hypertrophy. An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive and professional bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of judges, who assign points based on their appearance. Bodybuilders prepare for competition through a combination of fat loss, oils, and tanning (or tanning lotions) which combined with lighting make the definition of the muscle group more distinct. Some well-known bodybuilders include Charles Atlas, Steve Reeves, Reg Park, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Lou Ferrigno. Currently, IFBB professional bodybuilder Phil Heath from the United States holds the title of Mr. Olympia. The winner of the annual Mr. Olympia contest is generally recognized as the world's top professional bodybuilder.
The "Early Years" of Western Bodybuilding are considered to be the period between 1880 and 1953.
Bodybuilding did not really exist prior to the late 19th century, when it was promoted by Eugen Sandow of Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad in Russia) who is now generally referred to as "The Father of Modern Bodybuilding". He is credited as being a pioneer of the sport because he allowed an audience to enjoy viewing his physique in "muscle display performances". Although audiences were thrilled to see a well-developed physique, those men simply displayed their bodies as part of strength demonstrations or wrestling matches. Sandow had a stage show built around these displays through his manager, Florenz Ziegfeld. The Oscar winning 1936 musical film The Great Ziegfeld, depicts this beginning of modern bodybuilding, when Sandow began to display his body for carnivals. The role of Sandow was played by actor Nat Pendleton.
Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( /ˈʃwÉ”rtsÉ™nɛɡər/; German: [ˈaÉ?nÉ”lt ˈalÉ”Ê?s ˈʃvaÉ?tsÉ™nˌʔɛɡÉ?]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian and American former professional bodybuilder, actor, businessman, investor, and politician. Schwarzenegger served as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011.
Schwarzenegger began to weight train at the age of 15 years old. He was awarded the title of Mr. Universe at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in the sport of bodybuilding and he has written several books and numerous articles on the sport. Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. He was nicknamed the "Austrian Oak" and the "Styrian Oak" in his bodybuilding days, "Arnie" during his acting career and more recently the "Governator" (from "Governor" and "Terminator").
As a Republican, he was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. Schwarzenegger was sworn in on November 17, 2003, to serve the remainder of Davis's term. Schwarzenegger was then re-elected on November 7, 2006, in California's 2006 gubernatorial election, to serve a full term as governor, defeating Democrat Phil Angelides, who was California State Treasurer at the time. Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5, 2007.
Actors: Nikki Benz (actress), Mark Wahlberg (actor), Anthony Mackie (actor), Tony Shalhoub (actor), Michael Rispoli (actor), Peter Stormare (actor), Larry Hankin (actor), Rob Corddry (actor), Kurt Angle (actor), Ken Jeong (actor), Tony Plana (actor), Dwayne Johnson (actor), Ed Harris (actor), Michael Bay (producer), Mindy Robinson (actress),
Plot: Based on the true story of Daniel Lugo ('Mark Wahlberg (I)' (qv)) a Miami bodybuilder who wants to live the American dream. He would like to have the money that other people have. So he enlists the help of fellow bodybuilder Adrian Doorbal ('Anthony Mackie' (qv)) and ex-convict, Christian bodybuilder Paul Doyle ('Dwayne Johnson (I)' (qv)). Their kidnapping and extortion scheme goes terribly wrong since they have muscles for brains and they're left to haphazardly try to hold onto the elusive American dream.
Keywords: american-abroad, american-dream, ampersand-in-title, arrest, attempted-murder, bag-over-head, bahamas, bank, bare-chested-male, based-on-true-storyActors: Nathan Hill (actor), Nathan Hill (producer), Nathan Hill (director), Nathan Hill (writer), Jamie Murgatroyd (composer), William Emmons (actor), Nick Levy (writer), Tony Markulin (actor), Clem Maloney (actor), John McCullough (actor), Kim Maloney (actor), Ruben Francis (actor), Damian Hill (actor), Naomi Lisner (actor), Steven Vandenberg (producer),
Plot: Jordan Rhodes is an honest detective investigating the heinous murder of a leading talent agent. As he delves into a melting pot of beauty, ego and violence, the stakes are raised when the killer distributes horrific crime-scene photographs to the press, thrusting a reluctant Jordan into the spotlight in a city where everybody wants to be famous. Suspicion is immediately thrown onto statuesque model Alexis Clarke, an up-and-coming beauty with a blunt tongue and desire for success. But in an industry where everyone wants to get ahead, everyone has a motive and everyone is a suspect. As young models begin to fall victim to appalling deaths, Jordan discovers that no-one, not even himself, is demonstrating model behavior. He must deal with mounting public pressure and consider the unique possibility that the serial killer he hunts is not only female, but also has an ultimate goal - infamy. But how far will they go to achieve it? And how far will Jordan go to stop it?
Keywords: gun, love, murder, policeActors: Jason Bateman (actor), Alexander Skarsgård (actor), Laura Sevier (miscellaneous crew), Hope Davis (actress), Damian Bailey (actor), Deborah Ricketts (miscellaneous crew), Al Cerullo (miscellaneous crew), Cassandra Barbour (miscellaneous crew), Michael Nyqvist (actor), Damon Michael Gordon (miscellaneous crew), Larry Kaplan (miscellaneous crew), Lee Percy (editor), Max Richter (composer), Andrea Ulrich (miscellaneous crew), Bruce Winant (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A hard-working lawyer, attached to his cell phone, can't find the time to communicate with his family. A couple is drawn into a dangerous situation when their secrets are exposed online. A widowed ex-cop struggles to raise a mischievous son who cyber-bullies a classmate. An ambitious journalist sees a career-making story in a teen that performs on an adult-only site. They are strangers, neighbors and colleagues and their stories collide in this riveting dramatic thriller about ordinary people struggling to connect in today's wired world.
Keywords: 15-year-old, attempted-child-suicide, attempted-suicide, automatic-pistol, breaking-and-entering, brother-sister-relationship, bullying, cell-phone, chat-room, comaActors: Jon Briddell (actor), Nils Allen Stewart (miscellaneous crew), Nils Allen Stewart (actor), John Gilbert (actor), Kenn Kashima (editor), Judith Williams (miscellaneous crew), Jennifer Marks (actress), Gwen Somers (actress), Paul LeClair (actor), Mario F. de la Vega (miscellaneous crew), John Michael Vaughn (actor), Catherine Brewton (actress), Joe Babicki (actor), Ed Herbstman (actor), Bill Blum (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Horror,Actors: Julie Strain (actress), Charles Fox (composer), Jesse Ventura (actor), Linda Blair (actress), Mario Kassar (producer), John Ingle (actor), Gene Okerlund (actor), Ned Beatty (actor), Army Archerd (actor), Willie Garson (actor), Ian Abercrombie (actor), Julie Strain (actress), Leslie Nielsen (actor), Floyd Levine (actor), Murray Langston (actor),
Plot: It's been some time since Father Jebedaiah Mayii exorcised the devil from little Nancy Aglet, but now Nancy has grown up and has a family, the demon returns and repossesses Nancy. With Father Mayii unwilling to help, Father Luke Brophy tries his best to help Nancy, even when TV's Ernest Weller plans to air the exorcism live on TV.
Keywords: breasts-growing, buxom, con, cult-film, cult-film, demon, demonic-possession, devil, evangelist, exorcismActors: Franz-Otto Krüger (actor), Zachi Noy (actor), Michael Gahr (actor), Zachi Noy (actor), Tilly Lauenstein (actress), Leonard Lansink (actor), Andreas Mannkopff (actor), Wolfgang Spier (actor), Sibylle Rauch (actress), Jürgen Kluckert (actor), Evelyn Gressmann (actress), Joachim Tennstedt (actor), Jonathan Sagall (actor), Ya'ackov Ben-Sira (actor), Wolfgang Kühne (actor),
Plot: When his parents are on a holiday Johnny invites his friends Bobby and Benny for a cruise in his fathers Cadillac. But he crashes the car onto a tree; now they need the money for the repair costs. Thus they search for jobs in a beach hotel where there are a lot of good looking young girls...
Keywords: cult-film, female-nudity, male-nudity, older-woman-younger-man-relationship, sequelActors: Don Boyd (producer), Tilda Swinton (actress), Geneviève Page (actress), Bridget Fonda (actress), Julie Hagerty (actress), Theresa Russell (actress), Anne Canovas (actress), Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu (actress), Buck Henry (actor), Elizabeth Hurley (actress), Gary Kasper (actor), Beverly D'Angelo (actress), John Hurt (actor), Robert Altman (writer), Sigurjon Sighvatsson (producer),
Plot: Ten short pieces directed by ten different directors, including Ken Russell, Jean-Luc Godard, Robert Altman, Bruce Beresford, and Nicolas Roeg. Each short uses an aria as soundtrack/sound (Vivaldi, Bach, Wagner), and is an interpretation of the particular aria.
Keywords: 18th-century, 1930s, adultery, albania, aria, assassin, assassination-attempt, audience-of-one, ballet, balloonActors: Don Boyd (producer), Tilda Swinton (actress), Geneviève Page (actress), Bridget Fonda (actress), Julie Hagerty (actress), Theresa Russell (actress), Anne Canovas (actress), Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu (actress), Buck Henry (actor), Elizabeth Hurley (actress), Gary Kasper (actor), Beverly D'Angelo (actress), John Hurt (actor), Robert Altman (writer), Sigurjon Sighvatsson (producer),
Plot: Ten short pieces directed by ten different directors, including Ken Russell, Jean-Luc Godard, Robert Altman, Bruce Beresford, and Nicolas Roeg. Each short uses an aria as soundtrack/sound (Vivaldi, Bach, Wagner), and is an interpretation of the particular aria.
Keywords: 18th-century, 1930s, adultery, albania, aria, assassin, assassination-attempt, audience-of-one, ballet, balloonActors: Menahem Golan (producer), Akira Kurosawa (writer), Jon Voight (actor), Rebecca De Mornay (actress), Ryûzô Kikushima (writer), Wally Rose (actor), Eric Roberts (actor), John P. Ryan (actor), Tommy 'Tiny' Lister (actor), Hank Worden (actor), Yoram Globus (producer), Danny Trejo (actor), Dennis Franz (actor), Trevor Jones (composer), Hideo Oguni (writer),
Plot: A hardened convict and a younger prisoner escape from a brutal prison in the middle of winter only to find themselves on an out-of-control train with a female railway worker while being pursued by the vengeful head of security.
Keywords: alaska, allegory, boxing-match, escape, existentialism, freight-train, fugitive, glacier, heart-attack, helicopterActors: Kane Hodder (actor), Courtney Gains (actor), Grant Cramer (actor), Joyce Jameson (actress), Kathleen Kinmont (actress), Deke Anderson (actor), Mark Griffiths (director), Mark Griffiths (writer), Darcy DeMoss (actress), Michael Miller (actor), Roberta Collins (actress), Ken Solomon (producer), Jeff Begun (producer), Antony Ponzini (actor), Andy Blumenthal (editor),
Plot: Three middle-aged daddies visit California to have a marvelous time at the beach. When they learn that a nice apartment and an expensive cabriolet isn't enough for them to score with the chicks, they employ a student to help them. At first he's as disgusted of them and his job as his girlfriend, but soon they find out how to use the situation to everyone's benefit.
Keywords: bare-breasts, beach, beach-blanket, beach-bunny, beach-house, bikini, black-panties, blonde, breasts, cheesecake