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In the time of
Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from
Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine (
Black Sea). Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the chain of the
Taurus Mountains that separate it from
Cilicia, to the east by the upper Euphrates and the
Armenian Highland, to the north by
Pontus, and to the west by
Lycaonia and eastern
Galatia.
The name was traditionally used in
Christian sources throughout history and is still widely used as an international tourism concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders, in particular characterized by fairy chimneys and a unique historical and cultural heritage.
Etymology Cappadocia
==================
The earliest record of the name of Cappadocia dates from the late
6th century BC, when it appears in the trilingual inscriptions of two early
Achaemenid kings,
Darius I and
Xerxes, as one of the countries (
Old Persian dahyu-) of the
Persian Empire. In these lists of countries, the Old Persian name is Katpatuka, which is of uncertain origin.
Herodotus tells us that the name of the Cappadocians was applied to them by the Persians, while they were termed by the
Greeks as "
Syrians" or "
White Syrians"
Leucosyri. One of the Cappadocian tribes he mentions is the Moschoi, associated by
Flavius Josephus with the biblical figure
Meshech, son of
Japheth: "and the Mosocheni were founded by Mosoch; now they are Cappadocians". AotJ
I:6. Also see Ketubot 13:11 in the Mishna.
Cappadocia is also mentioned in the biblical account given in the book of
Acts 2:9.
The Cappadocians were named as one group hearing the
Gospel account from Galileans in their own language on the day of
Pentecost shortly after the resurrection of
Jesus Christ. Acts 2:5 seems to suggest that the Cappadocians in this account were "
God-fearing Jews". See
Acts of the Apostles.
Under the later kings of the Persian Empire, the Cappadocians were divided into two satrapies, or governments, with one comprising the central and inland portion, to which the name of Cappadocia continued to be applied by
Greek geographers, while the other was called Pontus. This division had already come about before the time of
Xenophon. As after the fall of the
Persian government the two provinces continued to be separate, the distinction was perpetuated, and the name Cappadocia came to be restricted to the inland province (sometimes called
Great Cappadocia), which alone will be the focus of this article.
The kingdom of Cappadocia was still in existence in the time of
Strabo as a nominally independent state. Cilicia was the name given to the district in which
Caesarea, the capital of the whole country, was situated. The only two cities of Cappadocia considered by Strabo to deserve that appellation were Caesarea (originally known as
Mazaca) and
Tyana, not far from the foot of the
Taurus.
History Cappadocia
==============
Cappadocia was known as Hatti in the late
Bronze Age, and was the homeland of the Hittite power centred at
Hattusa. After the fall of the
Hittite Empire, with the decline of the Syro-Cappadocians (
Mushki) after their defeat by the
Lydian king
Croesus in the
6th century, Cappadocia was ruled by a sort of feudal aristocracy, dwelling in strong castles and keeping the peasants in a servile condition, which later made them apt for foreign slavery. It was included in the third Persian satrapy in the division established by
Darius, but continued to be governed by rulers of its own, none apparently supreme over the whole country and all more or less tributaries of the
Great King.
=========================
Cappadocia
Travel Guide, Cappadocia
Tours, Cappadocia
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- published: 11 Feb 2014
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