- published: 05 Mar 2008
- views: 691379
A wafer, also called a slice or substrate, is a thin slice of semiconductor material, such as a crystalline silicon, used in electronics for the fabrication of integrated circuits and in photovoltaics for conventional, wafer-based solar cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and over the wafer and undergoes many microfabrication process steps such as doping or ion implantation, etching, deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning. Finally the individual microcircuits are separated (dicing) and packaged.
By 1960, silicon wafers were being manufactured in the U.S. by companies such as MEMC/SunEdison. In 1965, American engineers Eric O. Ernst, Donald J. Hurd, and Gerard Seeley, while working under IBM, filed Patent US3423629A for the first high-capacity epitaxial apparatus.
Wafers are formed of highly pure (99.9999999% purity), nearly defect-free single crystalline material. One process for forming crystalline wafers is known as Czochralski growth invented by the Polish chemist Jan Czochralski. In this process, a cylindrical ingot of high purity mono crystalline semiconductor, such as silicon or germanium, called a boule, is formed by pulling a seed crystal from a 'melt'. Donor impurity atoms, such as boron or phosphorus in the case of silicon, can be added to the molten intrinsic material in precise amounts in order to dope the crystal, thus changing it into n-type or p-type extrinsic semiconductor.
This shows how computer chips are made from silicon crystal, to wafer to chips. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35jWSQXku74 is worth watching too. There used to be an episode of National Geographic documentary named "Naked Science" on youtube. It was about using synthetic diamond crystal in place of silicon as the chip substrate. Since diamond crystal can tolerate higher heat, a CPU can be over-clocked without the worry of a melt-down. If you like this video, you should also look up diamond based computer chips.
Silicon Wafer Production: Czochralski growth of the silicon ingot, wafer slicing, wafer lapping, wafer etching and finally wafer polishing
How silicon wafers for microelectronics are made from sand.
Meet Dave Pivin, a Failure Analyst Engineer at Intel whose job it is to continuously push towards the production of a perfect silicon wafer. As Dave puts it, it's like "Looking in a million haystacks for a single needle". As silicon wafer production moves smaller and smaller, from 22 nanometer to 14 nanometer, imperfections in production are tough to see even with high-powered microscopes. Dave and his team of fellow scientists are charged with identifying the causes of these nearly invisible defects. Check out Dave's story, and stay tuned for more stories "Inside the Fab" at Intel. Subscribe now to Intel on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1BZDtpf About Intel: Intel, the world leader in silicon innovation, develops technologies, products and initiatives to continually advance how people w...
Sil'Tronix Silicon Technologies manufactures silicon wafers. Here is the full process Sil'Tronix Silicon Technologies fabrique des wafers de silicium. Voici le procédé. www.sil-tronix-st.com
This demo shows the procedure for cleaving a silicon wafer.
SCME's Breaking Wafers Activity helps one to visualize the crystal planes of monocrystalline silicon. In this demo, we break wafers with a (100) crystal orientation and a (111) orientation. See if you can tell which is which. This activity is supported by a Crystallography Learning Module and Kit. To download the learning module and to learn more about the kit, visit the SCME website (http://scme-nm.org) and go to Educational Materials.
This is a demo of how to cleave silicon wafers without special tools. Sorry the audio seems to be speed up a bit.
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oxide growth in the home lab
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Silicon wafer at Atomic level magnification 20 million X. Yancy Corporation's Patent # 9170414 Moleculescope Technology. Open air, no prep, no damage real time view Linkedin.com/in/jeff-porter-a65a70b2
The 4" wafer is downsized into quarters using the FlipScribe. It is first cleaved along a crystal plane in half and then into quarters by scribing across the entire half wafer. The scribe overcomes the (111) crystal line to produce the 1/4 wafer piece.
A look at some equipment and wafers used in the manufacture of silicon chip wafers. 200mm and 300mm wafers, die, dice sawing, lead-frame manufacture, automated testing machine (ATE) probing, clean room bunnie suits, photo plots, BGA chip thermal test sockets, and the worlds smallest active FET probes at 100 nanometers for direct wafer probing! Thanks to Vincent Himpe: http://www.siliconvalleygarage.com/ Forum: http://www.eevblog.com/forum/blog/eevblog-532-silicon-chip-wafer-fab-mailbag/ EEVblog Main Web Site: http://www.eevblog.com EEVblog Amazon Store: http://astore.amazon.com/eevblogstore-20 Donations: http://www.eevblog.com/donations/ Projects: http://www.eevblog.com/projects/ Electronics Info Wiki: http://www.eevblog.com/wiki/
MIT 2.627 Fundamentals of Photovoltaics, Fall 2011 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/2-627F11 Instructor: Tonio Buonassisi This lecture continues with wafer fabrication by ribbon growth, then cell and module manufacturing, next-generation silicon technologies, and materials availability. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
Video lecture series from IIT Professors (Not Available in NPTEL) VLSI Technology by Prof.Santiram Kal, IIT KGP for more video lectures .... www.satishkashyap.com for free ebooks ..... www.ebook29.blogspot.com 1. Introduction to VLSI 2. Design and Technology Overview of VLSI - I 3. Design and Technology Overview of VLSI - II 4. Yield and cost Estimation of VLSI Chips 5. Defects, Contamination & Clean Room Requirements 6. Wafer Cleaning Technology 7. Oxidation of Silicon 8. Reaction Kinetics of Oxide Growth in Silicon 9. Oxidation Techniques, Growth Rate & Characterization 10. Lithography Process 11. Photoresists 12. Optical Lithography Techniques 13. Exposure Tools and Optical Effects in Lithography 14. Advanced Lithography Techniques ...
MIT 2.627 Fundamentals of Photovoltaics, Fall 2011 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/2-627F11 Instructor: Tonio Buonassisi This lecture begins with the question, "why silicon?," followed by an overview of current manufacturing methods and market shares, feedstock refining, and wafer fabrication. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
Join the newest Villains on a unexpected journey into mystery. Lead by the "courageous" Tackle a.k.a TeChromeBow, with his buddies in crime Hunter a.k.a The420 BlazeMan and CJ a.k.a The Bilizard. These wannabe villains are robbing banks and killing heroes one step at a time.
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE! In the first show Bil and Fran work out the bugs in the new studio system, chat about many things, talk about some Dino news including Fran's quest for Soylent, the new Space X Super Draco engines and the Hackaday Space Prize, they take some time to demonstrate and explain an antique mirror galvanometer, and Bil shows off a vintage MOS ROM array wafer from the 80's. Bask in the echo chamber and count how many times Fran says "like". Hey, this IS just the first show - it will get better. Enjoy! The Dinosaur Den Website: http://www.fran-n-bil.com Email us at: feedback@fran-n-bil.com The Soylent website - http://www.soylent.me/#/ Space X Super Draco engines - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DYQmvfThnA Hackaday Space Prize - http://hackaday.com/category/the-hackaday-pr...
One small step for a nerd, one giant leap for mankind? I enter the final frontier and try to survive the hostile environment of space! Twitter: http://twitter.com/ecclectic_nerd
Video lecture series from IIT Professors (Not Available in NPTEL) VLSI Technology by Prof.Santiram Kal, IIT KGP for more video lectures .... www.satishkashyap.com for free ebooks ..... www.ebook29.blogspot.com 1. Introduction to VLSI 2. Design and Technology Overview of VLSI - I 3. Design and Technology Overview of VLSI - II 4. Yield and cost Estimation of VLSI Chips 5. Defects, Contamination & Clean Room Requirements 6. Wafer Cleaning Technology 7. Oxidation of Silicon 8. Reaction Kinetics of Oxide Growth in Silicon 9. Oxidation Techniques, Growth Rate & Characterization 10. Lithography Process 11. Photoresists 12. Optical Lithography Techniques 13. Exposure Tools and Optical Effects in Lithography 14. Advanced Lithography Techniques ...
Is this wierd thing a slice of Dave's Brain? Find out in today's Mailbag Forum: http://www.eevblog.com/forum/blog/eevblog-866-mailbag/ SPOILERS: A silicon wafer bonanza! https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Birdman86 KLA Tencor temperature sensing plasma etching wafer video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NyQXNuHoTM http://www.diychristmas.org Bullshit Bingo Model car controller A very expensive single photon counter teardown and some experimentation. Random cheapo Chinese Ebay items! A shocking pen, a wet baby monitor, and the world's worst soldering iron. Geocaching Geocoin: http://www.geocaching.com/track/details.aspx?tracker=GSEC96 EEVblog Main Web Site: http://www.eevblog.com The 2nd EEVblog Channel: http://www.youtube.com/EEVblog2 Support the EEVblog through Patreon! http://w...