Hybrid (biology)

In biology a hybrid, also known as cross breed, is the result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species or genera. Using genetic terminology, it may be defined as follows.

Hybrid generally refers to any offspring resulting from the breeding of two genetically distinct individuals, which usually will result in a high degree of heterozygosity, though hybrid and heterozygous are not, strictly speaking, synonymous.

a genetic hybrid carries two different alleles of the same gene

a structural hybrid results from the fusion of gametes that have differing structure in at least one chromosome, as a result of structural abnormalities

a numerical hybrid results from the fusion of gametes having different haploid numbers of chromosomes

a permanent hybrid is a situation where only the heterozygous genotype occurs, because all homozygous combinations are lethal.

From a taxonomic perspective, hybrid refers to:

Offspring resulting from the interbreeding between two animal species or plant species. See also hybrid speciation.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Hybrid_(biology)

Latest News for: interspecific hybrid

AgriLife helps Texas tomato producers make better connections through grafting

The Bryan Eagle 12 Jun 2018

Writer. Paul Schattenberg, 210-859-5752, paschattenberg@ag.tamu.edu. Contact. Dr. Daniel Leskovar, 830-278-9151, daniel.leskovar@ag.tamu.edu ... The U.S ... (Texas A&M AgriLife Research photo) ... In each location, two determined tomato cultivars TAMU Hot and Tycoon, were grafted onto two interspecific hybrid rootstocks, Estamino and Multifort ... Dr ... There was also a 23 percent yield increase due to grafting with interspecific rootstocks.” ... -30-. ....

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Diurnal down-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis mediates biomass heterosis [Plant Biology]

PNAS 22 May 2018

Heterosis is widely applied in agriculture; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms for superior performance are not well understood. Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes are shown to be down-regulated in Arabidopsis interspecific hybrids. Ethylene is a plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening and maturation but inhibits hypocotyl elongation. Here we report... ....

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Grapes squeezed out as state symbols

The Hutchinson News 22 Mar 2018

Tom Holland, D-Baldwin City, who has Haven Pointe Winery LLC, to designate the Chambourcin, a French-American interspecific hybrid grape variety, as the official red wine grape of the state of Kansas, and the Vignoles, a complex hybrid wine grape variety, as the official white wine grape of the state.But the Senate voted 38-0 Tuesday to pass House Bill 2650 designating Greenhorn limestone as the official state rock, galena as ... ....

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Lineage-specific gene acquisition or loss is involved in interspecific hybrid sterility in rice [Agricultural Sciences]

PNAS 27 Feb 2018

Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive barriers between species has been a central issue in evolutionary biology. The S1 locus in rice causes hybrid sterility and is a major reproductive barrier between two rice species, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. The O. glaberrima-derived allele (denoted S1g) on the S1 locus... ....

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Mutation in single rice gene cancels interspecific hybrid sterility

PhysOrg 12 Feb 2018

Scientists successfully employed mutagenesis to identify the gene that causes hybrid sterility in rice, which is a major reproductive barrier between species ... ....

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Mendelism: New Insights from Gregor Mendels Lectures in Brno [Perspectives]

Genetics 05 Sep 2017

Our analysis shows that while Mendel had inherited the traditional research program on interspecific hybridization in plants, he introduced the novel method of ratio analysis for representing the variation of unit-characters among offspring of hybrids ... in two series of hybrid experiments, using self-crosses and backcrosses with parents....

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Butterfly bushes, potato plants, midsummer veggies: Ask an Expert

The Oregonian 30 Jul 2017

Q. I'm looking for the tallest species of butterfly bush. "Miss Ruby" has been suggested, but online I'm getting all different opinions. I want a variety that may grow up to 12 feet ... A ... STERILE BUDDLEIA CULTIVARS ... These cultivars have been proven to be interspecific hybrids through testing and laboratory analysis ... The fertility of these cultivars has not been assessed, though interspecific hybrids generally exhibit low fertility ... Q ... A ... Q ... A ... ....

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Genome Diversity and Evolution in the Budding Yeasts (Saccharomycotina) [Genome Organization and Integrity]

Genetics 07 Jun 2017

Among the latter, some events correspond to the intrinsic dynamics of chromosomes in vertical lineages and others are related to horizontal exchanges such as the capture of extrachromosomal elements or interspecific hybridizations (see below) ... H., 1996 The mismatch repair system contributes to meiotic sterility in an interspecific yeast hybrid....

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Experimental Evolution Reveals Favored Adaptive Routes to Cell Aggregation in Yeast [Genome and Systems Biology]

Genetics 07 Jun 2017

Abstract ... Chemostat-based evolution experiments are impaired by inadvertent selection for aggregation, which we observe in 35% of populations ... Other causal mutations were found in genes that have not been previously connected to flocculation ... S ... In S ... in C ... BSA ... cerevisiae and often used in interspecific hybrid studies, has only Ty4 elements in its genome (Liti et al ... L., et al., 2017 Loss of heterozygosity drives adaptation in hybrid yeast....

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PLCB Awards Nearly $1 Million in Grants for Developing, Promoting Pennsylvania Wines

Market Watch 03 May 2017

HARRISBURG, Pa., May 3, 2017 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB) today awarded grants totaling $999,394 to 13 projects intended to enhance the Pennsylvania wine industry and increase production of Pennsylvania-made wines ... Grant Project. Grantee. Grant Amount. Marketing ... $495,000. Marketing ... $220,000 ... Effect of maceration parameters on white wine quality made from interspecific hybrid grapes (Vitis ssp.)....

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Meiotic Consequences of Genetic Divergence Across the Murine Pseudoautosomal Region [Genome Integrity and Transmission]

Genetics 07 Mar 2017

Slides were hybridized for ∼48 hr at 37° ... However, owing to the complexity of hybrid sterility in these divergent interspecific hybrids (Hale et al ... M., 1991 Genetic basis of X-Y chromosome dissociation and male sterility in interspecific hybrids ... M., 1992 Deficiency of X and Y chromosomal pairing at meiotic prophase in spermatocytes of sterile interspecific hybrids between laboratory mice (Mus domesticus) and Mus spretus....

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Saccharomyces mating occurs in wasps' intestine [Microbiology]>

PNAS 23 Feb 2016

The reproductive ecology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is still largely unknown. Recent evidence of interspecific hybridization, high levels of strain heterozygosity, and prion transmission suggest that outbreeding occurs frequently in yeasts. Nevertheless, the place where yeasts mate and recombine in the wild has not been identified. We found that the intestine... ....

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