Ale

Ale is a type of beer brewed using a warm fermentation method resulting in a sweet, full-bodied and fruity taste. Historically the terms "beer" and "ale" respectively referred to drinks brewed with and without hops. Over time, "beer" came to refer to all beers, though—after the development of cold fermented beer ("lager")—"ale" came to refer to warm fermented beers only.

Ale, as with most beers, typically has bittering agent(s) to balance the sweetness of the malt and to act as a preservative. Ale was originally bittered with gruit, a mixture of herbs (sometimes spices) which was boiled in the wort prior to fermentation. Later, hops replaced the gruit blend in common usage as the sole bittering agent.

History of ale

Ale, along with bread, was an important source of nutrition in the medieval world, particularly small beer, also known as table beer or mild beer, which was highly nutritious, contained just enough alcohol to act as a preservative, and provided hydration without intoxicating effects. Small beer would have been consumed daily by almost everyone, including children, in the medieval world, with higher-alcohol ales served for recreational purposes. The lower cost for proprietors combined with the lower taxes levied on small beer led to the selling of beer labeled "strong beer" that had actually been diluted with small beer. In medieval times, ale may have been safer to drink than most water (the germ theory of disease was unheard of, and the sterilizing properties of boiling unknown); however, there is no period evidence that people were aware of this nor that they chose to drink ale for this reason. The alcohol, hops, and some ingredients in gruit used to preserve some ales may have contributed to their lower load of pathogens, when compared to water. However, ale was largely safer due to the hours of boiling required in production, not the alcoholic content of the finished beverage.

Idea

In philosophy, ideas are usually construed as mental representational images of some object. Ideas can also be abstract concepts that do not present as mental images. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of being. The capacity to create and understand the meaning of ideas is considered to be an essential and defining feature of human beings. In a popular sense, an idea arises in a reflexive, spontaneous manner, even without thinking or serious reflection, for example, when we talk about the idea of a person or a place. A new or original idea can often lead to innovation."

Etymology

The word idea comes from Greek ἰδέα idea "form, pattern," from the root of ἰδεῖν idein, "to see."

Innate and adventitious ideas

One view on the nature of ideas is that there exist some ideas (called innate ideas) which are so general and abstract that they could not have arisen as a representation of any object of our perception, but rather were in some sense always present. These are distinguished from adventitious ideas which are images or concepts which are accompanied by the judgment that they are caused or occasioned by an external object.

Alle Farben

HIDDEN ERROR: Usage of "Residence" is not recognizedFrans Zimmer better known by his stage name Alle Farben (meaning All Colors in German), born June 5, 1985 in Berlin is a German DJ and producer. Zimmer is signed to the Berlin record label Kallias.

Career

Frans Zimmer was raised in Berlin's Kreuzberg district, where he lives and works today. After high school, Zimmer wanted to study art, but was not admitted to university. In the following years, he worked various odd jobs, including work as a confectioner in a Berlin café. In 2010, he began DJing in Berlin nightclubs and bars. Inspired by the artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser, he took the alias "Hundert Farben" (meaning Hundred Colors), which he later changed to his current stage name "Alle Farben" (meaning All Colours)

On May 9, 2012, he played for 30,000 people at the former Tempelhof Airport in Berlin, achieving a national breakthrough. Since then, Zimmer DJs almost every weekend throughout Europe; he also played several shows in Tel Aviv.

Ginger ale

Ginger ale is a carbonated soft drink flavoured with ginger in one of two ways. The golden style is closer to the ginger beer original, and is credited to the American doctor Thomas Cantrell. The dry style (also called the pale style) is a paler drink with a much milder ginger flavour, and was created by Canadian John McLaughlin.

History

Dr. Thomas Cantrell, an American apothecary and surgeon, claimed to have invented ginger ale in Belfast, Northern Ireland and marketed it with local beverage manufacturer Grattan and Company. Grattan embossed the slogan "The Original Makers of Ginger Ale" on its bottles. This was the Golden ginger ale, dark coloured, generally sweet to taste, with a strong ginger spice flavour. It is the older style and there is little or no difference between this and non-alcoholic versions of ginger beer. Thus, the golden ginger ale and ginger beer are essentially the same thing, except one major difference. Golden ginger ale is clear, whereas ginger beer is cloudy and has a stronger ginger taste. Golden ginger ale is mainly consumed as a carbonated drink and a ginger beer alternative and not as a mixer like dry ginger ale is often used. Dry ginger ale is often used as a club soda alternative, especially mixing it with alcoholic beverages.