Doctor of Arts

The Doctor of Arts (D.A.; occasionally D.Arts or Art.D. from the Latin artium doctor) is a discipline-based terminal doctoral degree that was originally conceived and designed to be an alternative to the traditional research-based Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and the education-based Doctor of Education (Ed.D.). Like other doctorates, the D.A. is an academic degree of the highest level. The D.A. is also frequently conferred as an honorary degree with the added designation of honoris causa.

While the Ph.D. is the most common doctoral degree in the United States, the U.S. Department of Education and the National Science Foundation recognize numerous research-oriented doctoral degrees such as the D.A. as "equivalent", and do not discriminate between them.

History

The idea for a Doctor of Arts degree was originally proposed at the 1932 meeting of the Association of American Universities by Wallace Atwood, then president of Clark University. In 1967 Carnegie Mellon University (formerly Carnegie Institute of Technology), began to offer the D.A. in Mathematics, History, English and Fine Arts. The first Doctor of Arts degree in the United States was awarded in 1968, by Carnegie Mellon University, to Donald H. Taranto in the field of mathematics. Guiding principles for the Doctor of Arts degree were established in 1970 by the Committee on Graduate Studies of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities, and by the Council of Graduate Schools in the United States. The Carnegie Foundation was the first to fund ten universities with seed money to initiate the degree, and D.A. programs (though far fewer in number than those of the Ph.D.) are currently offered in many different disciplines at universities in the United States and in other parts of the world.

Benedict Cumberbatch

Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch CBE (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor and film producer who has performed in film, television, theatre and radio. The son of actors Timothy Carlton and Wanda Ventham, he graduated from the University of Manchester and continued his training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, obtaining a Master of Arts in Classical Acting. He first performed at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park in Shakespearean productions such as Love's Labour's Lost (2001), A Midsummer Night's Dream (2001), and Romeo and Juliet (2002). He also portrayed George Tesman in Richard Eyre's revival of Hedda Gabler in 2005 and since then has starred in the Royal National Theatre productions After the Dance (2010) and Frankenstein (2011). In 2015, he played William Shakespeare's Hamlet at the Barbican Theatre.

Cumberbatch's television work includes appearances in Heartbeat (2000), Silent Witness (2002) and Fortysomething (2003) before starring as Stephen Hawking in the television film Hawking in 2004. He has played Sherlock Holmes in the series Sherlock since 2010. He has also starred in Tom Stoppard's adaptation of Parade's End (2012), as well as providing the voices of the British Prime Minister and Severus Snape on an episode of the animated series The Simpsons (2013).

Vidya Balan

Vidya Balan (pronounced [ʋɪd̪jaː baːlən]; born 1 January 1978) is an Indian actress. She has established a career in Bollywood and is the recipient of several awards, including a National Film Award, five Filmfare Awards, and five Screen Awards, and was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014. She is known for portraying strong female protagonists and has been acknowledged in the media for pioneering a change in the concept of a Hindi film heroine.

Vidya aspired to a career in film from a young age, and had her first acting role in the 1995 sitcom Hum Paanch. She pursued a master's degree in sociology from the University of Mumbai and simultaneously made several unsuccessful attempts to start a career in film. She subsequently featured in various television commercials and music videos, and in 2003 made her feature film debut as the protagonist of the independent Bengali drama Bhalo Theko. In 2005 Vidya garnered praise for her first Hindi film, the drama Parineeta, and followed it with a leading role in the highly successful 2006 comedy film Lage Raho Munna Bhai.

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photo: USAF / Airman 1st Class Cory W. Bush

Two HC-130J Combat King II aircraft sit on the flightline awaiting cargo unloading on Diyarbakir Air Base in Turkey, Sept. 28, 2015.

World entering era 'more dangerous than Cold War' as Russian power grows, former MI6 boss warns

Edit The Independent 12 Oct 2016

The world is entering an era that is "more dangerous" than the Cold War because of an increase in Russian military power, a former MI6 chief has said....

photo: AP / Ng Han Guan

North Korea purges vice foreign minister: Report

Edit The Times of India 12 Oct 2016

North Korea has purged its vice foreign minister as punishment for the recent defection of the nuclear-armed country's deputy ambassador to Britain, South Korean media reported Wednesday ... It said the purge was ordered by supreme leader Kim Jong-Un following the defection of the North's deputy ambassador to Britain, Thae Yong-Ho, and his family to the South two months ago ... More from The Times of India....

photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster

President Barack Obama speaks at a campaign event for at White Oak Amphitheatre for Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in Greensboro, N.C.

US election: Obama blasts Trump with 7-Eleven jibe

Edit The Oslo Times 12 Oct 2016

At a rally supporting Hillary Clinton, Mr Obama also urged senior Republicans to formally withdraw their endorsement of Mr Trump as presidential candidate....

photo: Creative Commons / Gage Skidmore

Donald Trump speaking to supporters at an immigration policy speech at the Phoenix Convention Center in Phoenix, Arizona, 31 August 2016

More Bad Poll News For Donald Trump

Edit WorldNews.com 12 Oct 2016

The latest Reuters/Ipsos opinion poll has Donald Trump falling behind Hillary Clinton by 8 points among likely voters as of Tuesday evening ... Reactions against the debate overall had Clinton winning at 53 percent with Trump at 32 percent but the results were even starker for party lines with Democrats at 82 percent feeling Clinton winning with only 68 percent of Republicans viewing Trump as the winner....

photo: Creative Commons / Jean-Marie Hullot

File - The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Pit one, which is 230 metres long and 62 metres wide, contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures.

Western contact with China began long before Marco Polo, experts say

Edit BBC News 12 Oct 2016

Archaeologists say inspiration for the Terracotta Warriors, found at the Tomb of the First Emperor near today's Xian, may have come from Ancient Greece ... "We now have evidence that close contact existed between the First Emperor's China and the West before the formal opening of the Silk Road ... Farmers first discovered the 8,000 terracotta figures buried less than a mile from the tomb of China's first emperor Qin Shi Huang in 1974....

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Inferno movie review: Dan Brown's latest euro-trip feels like hell on earth

Edit Digital Spy 12 Oct 2016

So begins a tourist trip around Italy as Langdon and Brooks solve puzzles the audience have no chance of getting in on (even if we had the working knowledge of Italian art history and literature required, we barely get to see the clues) to find the deadly virus that will kill 50 percent of the population if it's let loose. The trouble (one of the many troubles) is that the stakes are too high....