Aikido Techniques by Master Hiroshi Isayama Dan 8

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• published: 10 Aug 2016
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Aikido is a modern Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. Aikido is often translated as the way of unifying with life energy or as the way of harmonious spirit. Ueshiba s goal was to create an art that practitioners could use to defend themselves while also protecting their attacker from injury. Aikido techniques consist of entering and turning movements that redirect the momentum of an opponent s attack, and a throw or joint lock that terminates the technique. Aikido derives mainly from the martial art of Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, but began to diverge from it in the late 1920s, partly due to Ueshiba s involvement with the Ōmoto-kyō religion. Ueshiba s early students documents bear the term aiki-jūjutsu. Ueshiba s senior students have different approaches to aikido, depending partly on when they studied with him. Today aikido is found all over the world in a number of styles, with broad ranges of interpretation and emphasis. However, they all share techniques formulated by Ueshiba and most have concern for the well-being of the attacker. The word aikido is formed of three kanji: ai – joining, unifying, combining, fitting ki – spirit, energy, mood, morale dō – way, path Training In aikido, as in virtually all Japanese martial arts, there are both physical and mental aspects of training. The physical training in aikido is diverse, covering both general physical fitness and conditioning, as well as specific techniques. Physical training goals pursued in conjunction with aikido include controlled relaxation, correct movement of joints such as hips and shoulders, flexibility, and endurance, with less emphasis on strength training. In aikido, pushing or extending movements are much more common than pulling or contracting movements. This distinction can be applied to general fitness goals for the aikido practitioner. Aikido Basic techniques Diagram of ikkyō, or first technique . Yonkyō has a similar mechanism of action, although the upper hand grips the forearm rather than the elbow. The following are a sample of the basic or widely practiced throws and pins. Many of these techniques derive from Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, but some others were invented by Morihei Ueshiba. The precise terminology for some may vary between organisations and styles, so what follows are the terms used by the Aikikai Foundation. Note that despite the names of the first five techniques listed, they are not universally taught in numeric order. First technique ikkyō? a control using one hand on the elbow and one hand near the wrist which leverages uke to the ground. This grip applies pressure into the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Second technique nikyō? a pronating wristlock that torques the arm and applies painful nerve pressure. There is an adductive wristlock or Z-lock in ura version. Third technique sankyō? a rotational wristlock that directs upward-spiraling tension throughout the arm, elbow and shoulder. Fourth technique yonkyō? a shoulder control similar to ikkyō, but with both hands gripping the forearm. The knuckles from the palm side are applied to the recipient s radial nerve against the periosteum of the forearm bone. Fifth technique gokyō? visually similar to ikkyō, but with an inverted grip of the wrist, medial rotation of the arm and shoulder, and downward pressure on the elbow. Common in knife and other weapon take-aways. Four-direction throw shihōnage? The hand is folded back past the shoulder, locking the shoulder joint. Forearm return kotegaeshi? a supinating wristlock-throw that stretches the extensor digitorum. Breath throw kokyūnage? a loosely used term for various types of mechanically unrelated techniques, although they generally do not use joint locks like other techniques. Entering throw iriminage? throws in which tori moves through the space occupied by uke. The classic form superficially resembles a clothesline technique. Heaven-and-earth throw tenchinage? beginning with ryōte-dori; moving forward, tori sweeps one hand low earth and the other high heaven , which unbalances uke so that he or she easily topples over. Hip throw oshinage? aikido s version of the hip throw. Tori drops his or her hips lower than those of uke, then flips uke over the resultant fulcrum. Figure-ten throw jūjinage? or figure-ten entanglement jūjigarami? a throw that locks the arms against each other The kanji for 10 is a cross-shape: 十 . Rotary throw kaitennage? Tori sweeps the arm back until it locks the shoulder joint, then uses forward pressure to throw.