- published: 25 Aug 2013
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Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare and refers to conflicts in which a small group of combatants including, but not limited to, armed civilians (or "irregulars") use military tactics, such as ambushes, sabotage, raids, the element of surprise, and extraordinary mobility to harass a larger and less-mobile traditional army, or strike a vulnerable target, and withdraw almost immediately.
The term means "little war" in Spanish, and the word, guerrilla, has been used to describe the concept since the 18th century, and perhaps earlier. A person who is a member of a guerrilla is a guerrillero.
The term 'guerrilla' was used within the English language as early as 1809. The word was used to describe the fighters, and their tactics (e.g."the town was taken by the guerrillas"). However, in most languages guerrilla still denotes the specific style of warfare. The use of the diminutive evokes the differences in number, scale, and scope between the guerrilla army and the formal, professional army of the state.
Malcolm X ( /ˈmælkəm ˈɛks/; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Arabic: الحاجّ مالك الشباز), was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. Detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.
Malcolm X's father died—killed by white supremacists, it was rumored—when he was young, and at least one of his uncles was lynched. When he was thirteen, his mother was placed in a mental hospital, and he was placed in a series of foster homes. In 1946, at age 20, he went to prison for breaking and entering.
In prison, Malcolm X became a member of the Nation of Islam and after his parole in 1952 he quickly rose to become one of its leaders. For a dozen years Malcolm X was the public face of the controversial group, but disillusionment with Nation of Islam head Elijah Muhammad led him to leave the Nation in March 1964. After a period of travel in Africa and the Middle East, he returned to the United States, where he founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. In February 1965, less than a year after leaving the Nation of Islam, he was assassinated by three members of the group.
The third and final edition of a series of three DVDs documenting the New York City area hardcore punk scene from 2001-2003. Featured bands are Billy Club Sandwich, Subzero, Irate, Ensign, Murphy's Law, and special sections on Atomic Recording Studios in Brooklyn, New York Hardcore Tattoos in Manhattan, Afro-Punk documentary, and Hardcore artists Chris Beee and Kentax. There is also a second documentary included on the DVD covering the New York Hardcore band Everybody Gets Hurt's (EGH) 2003 tour of Japan with Germany's Settle The Score and Japan's TJ Maxx. The theme of Never Give Up is to not compromise who you are under the negative influences of those around you and to follow your heart in pursuing your dreams and goals. This is demonstrated in the short film with Jessica Pimentel and by the bands that all have been around for many years and always stayed true to their styles despite the trends that have come and gone. In the World War III 2003 Japanese tour documentary, EGH demonstrate how success can follow a strong work ethic and how they have achieved worldwide success without any label support. They encompass everything that DIY (Do It Yourself) philosophy represents. Another interesting aspect of this is that young men and women who would've been fighting one another 60 years ago in World War II are now friends and share a stage with one another ultimately showing that music can bring unity to a world where governments divide people and force them to kill one another in wars.
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