Vietnam ( listen), formally the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam; listen), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 91.5 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "South Viet", and was officially adopted in 1945. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east.
The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, following the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. The First Indochina War eventually led to the expulsion of the French in 1954, leaving Vietnam divided politically into two states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified, with heavy foreign intervention, during the Vietnam War, which ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
Hồ Chí Minh (Vietnamese pronunciation: [hô cǐ miɲ] (Vietnamese pronunciation: [hô̤ tɕǐmɪŋ] ( listen)); 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyễn Tất Thành and Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was a Vietnamese Stalinist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Việt Cộng (NLF or VC) during the Vietnam War.
He led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-governed Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at Điện Biên Phủ. He officially stepped down from power in 1955 due to health problems, but remained a highly visible figurehead and inspiration for Vietnamese fighting for his cause – a united, independent Vietnam – until his death. After the war, Saigon, the capital of Republic of Vietnam, was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City in his honor.
Nguyễn Huệ, also known as Emperor Quang Trung (光中皇帝; Quang Trung Hoàng đế ), born in Bình Định in 1753, died in Phú Xuân on 16 September 1792, was the second emperor of the Tây Sơn Dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 1788 until 1792. He was also one of the most successful military commanders in Vietnam's history.
Nguyễn Huệ and his brothers, together known as the Tây Sơn Brothers, were the leaders of the famous Tây Sơn Rebellion. As rebels, they conquered Vietnam, overthrowing the imperial Later Lê Dynasty and the two rival feudal houses of the Nguyễn in the south and the Trinh in the north.
After several years of constant military campaigning and rule, Nguyễn Huệ died at the age of 40, possibly due to a stroke. Prior to his death, he had made plans to continue his march southwards in order to destroy the army of Nguyễn Ánh, a surviving heir of the Nguyễn Lords. Nguyễn Huệ's death led to the downfall of the Tây Sơn Dynasty. His successors were unable to follow the plans he had made for ruling Vietnam. However, his conquests marked the beginning of approximately a century in which Vietnam was both unified and independent until the Western conquest of Vietnam in 1885.
Thomas Seltzer (born 27 July 1969), better known by his stage name Happy-Tom, is the bassist (originally drummer) and main songwriter in the band Turbonegro, famous for wearing feminine makeup and a sailor's uniform. He has also gone under the names Tom of Norway and Bongo.
The Seltzer family hails originally from Midland, Texas in the United States, but together with his five-year-older brother he grew up in Superior, Wisconsin. At six, in 1975, he moved to Nesodden in Akershus, Norway.
He has also played in the bands Akutt Innleggelse, The Vikings, Oslo Motherfuckers and Scum.
In Norway, he's also a DJ for hire along with fellow Turbonegro member Hank Von Helvete called Hell's Pit. DJ Happy Tom Seltzer is known to play all of the songs directly from an iPod.
Happy Tom is currently living in Oslo where he is working as a talkshow host on Norwegian national television NRK3.