- published: 22 Jun 2015
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The Sichuan Basin (Chinese: 四川盆地; pinyin: Sìchuān Péndì) is a lowland region in southwestern China. Despite its historical name, it is not only synonymous to Sichuan province, comprising its central and eastern portions as well as part of Chongqing Municipality (which itself was, until 1997, politically part of Sichuan). Due to its relative flatness and fertile grounds, it is heavily populated with a population of more than 100 million. In addition to being a dominant geographical feature of the region, the Sichuan basin also constitutes a cultural sphere that is distinguished by its own unique customs, cuisine, and dialects. It is also called the "Red Basin." It is famous for rice cultivation. It is also the principal gas-producing region of China.
Mountains frame the Sichuan Basin on all sides:
The Yangtze River, flowing from the Sichuan Basin into the eastern China, passes through the Three Gorges in the Wu Mountains.
The Sichuan Basin consists of low hills and alluvial plains, and several major rivers flow into the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River), which passes through the southern part of the basin. The seismically active Longmenshan Fault which caused the catastrophic 2008 Sichuan earthquake runs along the western boundary of the basin, separating it from the Tibetan plateau to the west.
Coordinates: 30°N 103°E / 30°N 103°E / 30; 103
Sichuan (help·info) (Chinese: 四川, known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan) is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu. The current name of the province, "四川", is an abbreviation of "四川路" (Sì Chuānlù), or "Four circuits of rivers", which is itself abbreviated from "川峡四路" (Chuānxiá Sìlù), or "Four circuits of rivers and gorges", named after the division of the existing circuit into four during the Northern Song Dynasty.
The province and its vicinity were the cradle of unique local civilizations, which can be dated back to at least the fifteenth century BC (coinciding with the later years of the Shang Dynasty). Beginning from the ninth century BC, Shu (today Chengdu) and Ba (today Chongqing City) emerged as cultural and administrative centers where two rival kingdoms were established.
Shu's existence was unknown until an archaeological discovery in 1986 at a small village named Sanxingdui (三星堆) in Guanghan County. It is believed to be an ancient city of the Shu Kingdom, where excavations have yielded invaluable archaeological information.
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