Die (integrated circuit)

A die in the context of integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material, on which a given functional circuit is fabricated. Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a single wafer of electronic-grade silicon (EGS) or other semiconductor (such as GaAs) through processes such as photolithography. The wafer is cut (“diced”) into many pieces, each containing one copy of the circuit. Each of these pieces is called a die.

There are three commonly used plural forms: dice, dies, and die.

Images

Single NPN bipolar junction transistor die.

Single NPN bipolar junction transistor die.

Close-up of an RGB light-emitting diode, showing the three individual silicon dice.

Close-up of an RGB light-emitting diode, showing the three individual silicon dice.

A small-scale integrated circuit die, with bond wires attached.

A small-scale integrated circuit die, with bond wires attached.

A VLSI integrated-circuit die.

A VLSI integrated-circuit die.

Die (manufacturing)

A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material mostly using a press. Like molds, dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from simple paper clips to complex pieces used in advanced technology.

Die forming

Forming dies are typically made by tool and die makers and put into production after mounting into a press. The die is a metal block that is used for forming materials like sheet metal and plastic. For the vacuum forming of plastic sheet only a single form is used, typically to form transparent plastic containers (called blister packs) for merchandise. Vacuum forming is considered a simple molding thermoforming process but uses the same principles as die forming. For the forming of sheet metal, such as automobile body parts, two parts may be used: one, called the punch, performs the stretching, bending, and/or blanking operation, while another part, called the die block, securely clamps the workpiece and provides similar stretching, bending, and/or blanking operation. The workpiece may pass through several stages using different tools or operations to obtain the final form. In the case of an automotive component there will usually be a shearing operation after the main forming is done and then additional crimping or rolling operations to ensure that all sharp edges are hidden and to add rigidity to the panel.

Romani people

The Romani (also spelled Romany; /ˈroʊməni/, /ˈrɒ-/), or Roma, are a traditionally itinerant ethnic group living mostly in Europe and the Americas, who originate from the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, specifically from Northern India, presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan,Haryana and Punjab. The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym and racial slur "Gypsies" (or "Gipsies"), which, according to many Romani people, connotes illegality and irregularity. Other exonyms are Ashkali and Sinti.

Romani are dispersed, with their concentrated populations in Europe — especially Central, Eastern and Southern Europe including Turkey, Spain and Southern France. They originated in Northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia, then Europe, around 1,000 years ago, either separating from the Dom people or, at least, having a similar history; the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century.

Gypsy (comics)

Gypsy (Cynthia "Cindy" Reynolds) is a fictional comic book superhero who appears in books published by DC Comics, in particular those featuring the Justice League. She first appeared in Justice League Annual #2 (November 1984) and was created by Gerry Conway and Chuck Patton. She is a member of the Birds of Prey and has been a member of the Justice League.

Fictional character biography

Cindy Reynolds is born to suburban couple Edward and June Reynolds. When her powers of illusion begin to manifest at age fourteen, Cindy runs away from home, buying a one-way bus ticket to Detroit.

JLA Detroit

Once in Detroit, Cindy uses her chameleon and illusion-casting powers to protect herself. As she grows to adulthood, she adopts the identity of Gypsy, patterning her dress after the popular image of the gypsy. The Justice League would soon take up residence in a neighborhood near Gypsy's stomping grounds after Aquaman disbands the original League.

Shortly after the League moves into their new headquarters Gypsy begins to test and penetrate the League's security measures. Eventually, she becomes brave enough to follow along with them and to aid in the battle against the Overmaster and his Cadre. After this, Gypsy receives an offer to become a full-time member of the Justice League. Gypsy goes on to participate in the League's struggles against the power-mad Anton Allegro and a reactivated Amazo.

Gypsy (Lady Gaga song)

"Gypsy" is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga, taken from her third studio album Artpop (2013). It was written by Lady Gaga, RedOne, Hugo Leclercq and Paul "DJ White Shadow" Blair. The song was performed live at the 2014 ArtRave: The Artpop Ball world tour.

Composition

"Gypsy" is a Europop and electropop song with classic rock and house influences. Adam Markovitz of Entertainment Weekly said "Gypsy" contains "barroom ivory-tickling" and a swooping hook.Rolling Stone described the song as an "eighties-style anthem".

According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by House of Gaga Publishing, "Gypsy" is written in the key of C major in common time. The song moves at a tempo of 134 beats per minute, and Gaga's vocals span from G₃ to D₅. The verses of the song follow a chord progression of C−G−Fmaj7−Gsus−G, and the chorus follows in the progression G−Am−F−C (V−vi−IV−I).

Promotion

In October 2013, Gaga performed "Gypsy" on a grand piano for guests at a listening party in Berlin, Germany, wearing lingerie and a fake mustache. She said of the song: "I wrote this song as I was travelling around the world... They say 'a Gypsy doesn't have a home.' But I do have a home. I have a home with you always." Malene Arpe, entertainment contributor to the Toronto Star, said her performance was goosebump-inducing and caused viewers to forget about the mustache "right in the middle of her face". Gaga performed the song at her ArtRave in November 2013, on Saturday Night Live later that month, and during her second Thanksgiving television special Lady Gaga and the Muppets' Holiday Spectacular, which aired on ABC.