Tofaş Türk Otomobil Fabrikası A.Ş

Type	Anonim Şirket
Traded as	ISE: TOASO
Industry	Automotive
Founded	1968
Headquarters	Bursa, Turkey
Key people	Kamil Başaran, (CEO) Cengiz Eroldu, (CFO)
Products	Cars
Revenue	US$ 3.4 billion (2010)
Net income	US$ 209.3 Million (2010)
Employees	8.200
Website	tofas.com.tr

Tofaş (acronym for Türk Otomobil Fabrikası Anonim Şirketi; pronounced [tofaʃ]) is a Turkish automaker based in Bursa, Turkey, where the production plant of the company is located. It was established in 1968 and builds Fiat models under license, together with some locally-designed vehicles (mainly used as taxicabs). Tofaş is jointly owned by Fiat and Koç Holding (37.8% of the company's shares belong to Fiat Group Automobiles; 37.8% to Koç Holding; and 24.3% to others).^[1]

History[link]

Tofaş Factory

The first Murat 131 built by Tofaş.

Fiat Doblò models sold in the EU Customs Union market zone are produced by the Tofaş Fiat factory in Bursa.

The first Fiat Linea was designed and produced in the Tofaş Fiat factory in Bursa, which remains the model's primary production plant for the EU market.

The first Tofaş model was a Fiat 124, produced under licence from Fiat and locally named Murat 124 (with a later version named as Serçe). Subsequently, this model was replaced by a long production run of cars based on the Fiat 131: the Murat 131 series, including the Doğan (sedan), Şahin (sedan) and Kartal (station-wagon). Tofaş models are also produced under license in Egypt by the state owned Nasr car company. Tofaş still maintains a close relationship with Fiat, producing its models both for the domestic market and for other countries.

Current production[link]

Tofaş currently produces the following Fiat models:

• Doblò,
• Linea,
• Qubo,
• Fiorino 2007 (commercialized by Fiat Professional)

and the following models for other automobile brands:

• Peugeot Bipper,
• Citroen Nemo,
• Opel Combo.

Past production[link]

Old models the company has produced in the past:

• Fiat 124, as the Tofaş Murat 124 and later Tofaş Serçe.
• Fiat 131, as the Tofaş Murat 131, Şahin, Doğan, or Kartal.
• Tipo
• Tempra
• Uno
• Brava
• Marea
• Palio
• Siena
• Albea

See also[link]

• Karsan
• Fiat
• Holland Car

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

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Yan Yan
A Qing Dynasty illustration of Yan Yan.
General of Shu Han
Born	Unknown[1]
Died	Unknown[1]
Names
Simplified Chinese	严颜
Traditional Chinese	嚴顏
Pinyin	Yán Yán
Wade-Giles	Yen Yen
Style name	Xibo (希伯)

Yan Yan was a general of Shu Han during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Yan began his career as a general serving under the warlord Liu Zhang of Yi Province.

In fiction[link]

In Luo Guanzhong's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Yan Yan was defeated captured by Zhang Fei in 212 in one of the battles during Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province. Yan firmly refused to surrender and made strong accusations at Liu Bei, which angered Zhang Fei. Zhang wanted to have him executed but changed his mind later as he was impressed with Yan's strong sense of loyalty. Zhang released Yan and succeeded in persuading Yan to join Liu Bei's forces.

Yan appeared in a later chapter during the Battle of Mount Dingjun, where he volunteered to lead an army to attack the enemy forces under Cao Cao together with Huang Zhong.

See also[link]

• List of people of the Three Kingdoms

References[link]

This Chinese biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e