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The Mekong rises as the Lancang (Lancang) in the "
Three Rivers Area" on the
Tibetan Plateau in the
Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve; the reserve protects the headwaters of, from north to south, the
Yellow (
Huang He), the Yangtze and the Mekong
Rivers.[3] It flows southeast through
Yunnan Province, and then through the Three
Parallel Rivers Area in the
Hengduan Mountains, along with the Yangtze to its north and the
Salween River (Nujiang in
Chinese) to its south.
The Mekong then meets the tripoint of
China,
Burma (
Myanmar) and
Laos. From there it flows southwest and forms the border of Burma and Laos for about
100 kilometres (62 mi) until it arrives at the tripoint of Burma, Laos, and
Thailand. This is also the
point of confluence between the
Ruak River (which follows the Thai-Burma border) and the Mekong. The area of this tripoint is sometimes termed the
Golden Triangle, although the term also refers to the much larger area of those three countries that is notorious as a drug producing region.
From the Golden Triangle tripoint, the Mekong turns southeast to briefly form the border of Laos with Thailand. It then turns east into the interior of Laos, flowing first east and then south for some 400 kilometres (250 mi) before meeting the border with Thailand again.
Once more, it defines the Laos-Thailand border for some 850 kilometres (530 mi) as it flows first east, passing in front of the capital of Laos,
Vientiane, then turns south. A second time, the river leaves the border and flows east into Laos soon passing the city of
Pakse. Thereafter, it turns and runs more or less directly south, crossing into
Cambodia.
At
Phnom Penh the river is joined on the right bank by the river and lake system the Tonlé Sap. When the Mekong is low, the Tonle Sap is a tributary; water flows from the lake and river into the Mekong. When the Mekong floods, the flow reverses; the floodwaters of the Mekong flow up the Tonle Sap.
Immediately after the Sap
River joins the Mekong by Phnom Penh, the
Bassac River branches off the right (west) bank. The Bassac River is the first and main distributary of the Mekong; thus, this is the beginning of the
Mekong Delta. The two rivers, the Bassac to the west and the Mekong to the east, enter
Vietnam very soon after this. In Vietnam, the Bassac is called the
Hậu River (
Sông Hậu or
Hậu Giang); the main, eastern, branch of the Mekong is called the
Tiền River or
Tiền Giang. In Vietnam, distributaries of the eastern (main, Mekong) branch include the
Mỹ Tho River, the
Ba Lai River, the
Hàm Luông River, and the
Cổ Chiên River.
The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in
Southeast Asia. It is the world's 12th-longest river[2] and the 7th-longest in
Asia. Its estimated length is 4,350 km (2,703 mi), and it drains an area of 795,
000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 457 km3 (
110 cu mi) of water annually.
From the Tibetan Plateau this river runs through
China's Yunnan province, Burma (Myanmar), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. In
1995, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam established the
Mekong River Commission to assist in the management and coordinated use of the Mekong's resources. In
1996 China and Burma (Myanmar) became "dialogue partners" of the
MRC and the six countries now work together within a cooperative framework.
The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in this river have made navigation difficult.
The river is a major trading route linking China's southwestern province of
Yunnan to Laos, Burma (Myanmar) and Thailand to the south, an important trade route between western China and Southeast Asia.
- published: 20 Jun 2014
- views: 8455