- published: 18 Jun 2016
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Bāgh which usually translates to garden, refers to an enclosed area with permanent cultures (many types of trees and shrubs) as well as flowers. It is common to near-, middle- and south-eastern countries. It usually has Irano-Islamic architectural elements.
Bāgh (Persian: باغ) is a word common to Persian,Kurdish, Lurish, Urdu and Azarbaijani and means garden and orchard, specifically one containing fruit- and flower-bearing trees. In Persian, the plural of Bāgh is Bāgh-hā (باغها or باغها) and in kurdish, Baxan (بيغان).
In Armenian the word Bagh, pronounced Bakhg, means Garden or field. The Old Persian word Baga, or Bag, as in such word as Baghdād, means God and should not be confused with Bāgh. Similarly for the Avestan word Bagh (note the difference between a and ā) and the Vedic Sanskrit word Bhag, both of which also mean God.
The word Bāgh is encountered in both Pahlavi and Sogdian. In Farizandi, Gilaki, Shahmirzadi and Sorkhei Bāk, and in Natanzi Bāg stand for Bāgh (see Dialects of Central Iran).
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form today is known as a residential garden, but the term garden has traditionally been a more general one. Zoos, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological gardens. Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, with garden often signifying a shortened form of botanical garden.
The etymology of the word refers to enclosure: it is from Middle English gardin, from Anglo-French gardin, jardin, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German gard, gart, an enclosure or compound, as in Stuttgart. See Grad (Slavic settlement) for more complete etymology. The words yard, court, and Latin hortus (meaning "garden," hence horticulture and orchard), are cognates—all referring to an enclosed space.
The term "garden" in British English refers to a small enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building. This would be referred to as a yard in American English.