Turlough Hill (Cnoc an Turlaigh)
Tomaneena (Tuaim an Aonaigh)
The upper reservoir on Turlough Hill, viewed from Tonelagee
Elevation	681 m (2,234 ft)[1]
Prominence	54 m (177 ft)[1]
Location
Location	County Wicklow, Ireland
Range	Wicklow Mountains
OSI/OSNI grid	T063982
Coordinates	53°01′27″N 6°24′59″W / 53.02417°N 6.41639°W / 53.02417; -6.41639Coordinates: 53°01′27″N 6°24′59″W / 53.02417°N 6.41639°W / 53.02417; -6.41639[1]
Topo map	OSI Discovery No. 56
Climbing
Easiest route	Access road to north of summit

Turlough Hill Pumped-Storage Scheme
Lough Nahanagan, the lower reservoir
Location of Turlough Hill in Ireland
Coordinates	53°01′43″N 6°24′23″W / 53.02861°N 6.40639°W / 53.02861; -6.40639
Status	Operational
Construction began	1968
Commission date	1974
Construction cost	IEP £22 million
Owner(s)	ESB Group
Constructor(s)	Beuscher-Teerbau (upper reservoir) Alfred Kuns & Co. (underground works at lower reservoir)
Reservoir information
Upper reservoir	Turlough Hill
Reservoir capacity	2,300,000 cubic metres (81,000,000 cu ft)
Surface area	160,000 square metres (40 acres)
Maximum depth	19.4 metres (64 feet)
Lower reservoir	Lough Nahanagan
Pumped-storage station information
Pump-generators	4 x 73 MW
Hydraulic head	549 metres (1,800 ft)
Power generation information
Installed capacity	292 MW
Website http://www.esb.ie/main/about-esb/turlough-hill.jsp

Turlough Hill (Irish: Cnoc an Turlaigh, meaning "Hill of the Turlach"),^[2] also known as Tomaneena (Irish: Tuaim an Aonaigh, meaning "mound of the assembly/fair"),^[1] is a 681-metre (2,234-foot) high mountain in County Wicklow in Ireland and site of Ireland's only pumped-storage hydroelectricity plant. The power station is owned and operated by the ESB and can generate up to 292 megawatts of electricity at times of peak demand.

The mountain[link]

The historian Liam Price recorded that the mountain was known locally as Tomaneena;^[3] Turlough Hill is the name given to it by the ESB when they surveyed the site for the pumped-storage scheme.^[4] It is 681 metres (2,234 feet) high and is the 136th highest summit in Ireland.^[1] The summit is located to the south-west of the upper reservoir and is easily reached via the tarmac access road that begins at the top of the Wicklow Gap.^[5] It is also possible to reach the summit from Glendalough or from the summits of neighbouring Camaderry and Conavalla mountains.^[6]

The underlying geology of the mountain is granite, covered with blanket bog, which is a habitat for heather, purple moor grass and Sphagnum moss.^[7] A number of alpine plants grow near the summit: dwarf willow, cowberry, crowberry, fir clubmoss and common bilberry.^[8] To the north-east of the summit, at the head of Glendasan valley, is Lough Nahanagan (Irish: Loch na hOnchon, meaning "Lake of the Water Monster"),^[9] a corrie lake carved by a glacier at the end of the last ice age.^[10]

The pumped-storage scheme[link]

The Turlough Hill power station is owned and operated by the Electricity Supply Board (ESB).^[11] Like all pumped-storage hydroelectric schemes, it makes use of two water reservoirs connected by a pressure tunnel: in this case an artificial reservoir near the summit of the mountain and the naturally occurring corrie lake, Lough Nahanagan, at the foot of the mountain.^[12] Water is pumped up from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir, using surplus power available at times of low demand, and then allowed to fall by gravity from the upper reservoir back into the lower reservoir, passing through turbines along the way to generate electricity.^[13] The generating plant resides inside the mountain in a cavern measuring 250×70×90 feet (76×21×27 metres),^[12] which houses four reversible pump turbines with a combined capacity of 292 megawatts.^[14] The upper reservoir is 19.4 metres (64 feet) deep, has a capacity of 2.3 million cubic metres (81 million cubic feet) and covers an area of 160,000 square metres (40 acres).^[14][15] The power station is designed to generate electricity at times of peak demand and is instantly dispatchable: it can go from standstill to full generation within 13 seconds, compared with 12 hours for some thermal plant.^[16] It can generate electricity at full load for up to six hours per day and has a round trip energy efficiency of 75%.^[17] Since 2004, Turlough Hill has been the Hydro Control Centre (HCC) for the entire ESB hydroelectric portfolio, which comprises 19 generators in total.^[11] An overhaul of the plant is planned for 2011.^[18]

History[link]

Turlough Hill was first conceived by Dermot O'Riordan, Deputy Chief Engineer in the ESB's Civil Engineering Department.^[19] In 1964, ESB engineers visited several locations in the Wicklow Mountains, digging trial pits and boreholes, looking for suitable sites for a pumped-storage station.^[20] A shortlist of three proposals was drawn up by O'Riordan: an artificial upper reservoir at the summit of Tonduff mountain with an artificial lower reservoir in the Glencree valley; an upper reservoir using Lough Ouler, a natural corrie lake near the summit of Tonelagee mountain, with an artificial lower reservoir in the Glenmacnass valley; and an artificial upper reservoir at Turlough Hill with Lough Nahanagan as lower reservoir.^[4]

The Turlough Hill site was chosen as the best of these options and work commenced on the scheme in 1968. The cost was estimated at IEP £12 million.^[7] A loan of £6 million was secured from the World Bank to partially finance the project.^[21] Contracts worth £2 million were signed with Karlstad Mekaniska Werkstad for four reversible pump turbines and with Siemens for four 73 megawatt generators in 1969.^[22] The contracts for the civil engineering works were awarded to two German consortia: Beuscher-Teerbau for the upper reservoir and Alfred Kuns & Co. for the underground works in the lower reservoir.^[23]

Concerns about the impact of the scheme on the scenery at the Wicklow Gap led to ESB engaging the services of landscape architect Sylvia Crowe.^[7] She recommended that the upper reservoir be camouflaged by planting vegetation on its embankments and that the works on the lower reservoir at Lough Nahanagan be designed to fit into the background of rock.^[7] The siting of the transmission lines that would connect Turlough Hill to the electrical grid was a matter of some controversy. Objections to the lines, planned to run from Turlough Hill to the village of Hollywood, came from several quarters, including Bord Fáilte, the Irish tourist board.^[24] In the end, it was decided that they would run underground from Turlough Hill for c. 1 mile (1.6 kilometres), to preserve the view at the Wicklow Gap, before emerging overground on pylons along the King's River to Hollywood.^[15] This added £600,000 to the cost of the project.^[25]

At their peak, the construction works employed over 500 personnel: many of the workers lived in a temporary camp adjacent to the site, which provided food and lodgings.^[26] During the initial exploratory works, a geological fault was discovered inside the mountain and the location of the cavern housing the generating plant had to be altered.^[27] 1,400 pounds (640 kilograms) of gelignite were stolen from the site in an armed raid in 1972.^[28] Archaeological investigations near the Wicklow Gap during construction uncovered part of Saint Kevin's Road, the ancient path that brought pilgrims from Hollywood to the monastery at Glendalough.^[29] The first generator went on line in December 1973 and remaining three soon followed.^[29] The scheme became fully operational in 1974.^[11] At the time of completion, it was the largest civil engineering project ever carried out in Ireland.^[14] The final cost of the project was IEP £22 million.^[29]

Following the completion of Turlough Hill, the ESB considered a number of sites – in the Wicklow and Comeragh mountains as well as around Lough Derg – for further pumped-storage schemes.^[30] However, Turlough Hill remains the only such scheme in Ireland to date, although the Commission for Energy Regulation has approved the construction of a 70MW facility at Knocknagreenan, County Cork.^[31]

References[link]

Notes[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Corlett, Christiaan; Weaver, Mairéad, eds. (2002). The Liam Price Notebooks: The Placenames, Antiquities and Topography of Co. Wicklow. Volume 1. Dublin: Dúchas. ISBN 0-7557-1284-6. 
• Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources (2010). "National Renewable Energy Action Plan" (pdf). http://www.dcenr.gov.ie/NR/rdonlyres/C71495BB-DB3C-4FE9-A725-0C094FE19BCA/0/2010NREAP.pdf. Retrieved 29 October 2011. 
• Dillon, Paddy (1993). The Mountains of Ireland. Milnthorpe: Cicerone. ISBN 978-1-85284-110-2. 

External links[link]

• Turlough Hill at ESB
• Tomaneena on Mountain Views
• Turlough Hill at Behind That Door
• Turlough Hill at the Centre for Energy and Processes

v t e Mountains and hills of Leinster List of mountains in Ireland List of mountains and hills of County Dublin Blackstairs Mountains Black Rock Mountain Blackstairs Mountain Croaghaun Mount Leinster Cooley Mountains Clermont Carn Slieve Foy Slieveardagh Hills Clomantagh Hill Knocknamuck Slieve Bloom Mountains Arderin Barcam Baunreaghcong Carroll's Hill Castleconor Farbreague Garraunbaun Ridge of Capard Stillbrook Hill Wolftrap Mountain Wicklow Mountains Annagh Hill Barnaslingan Bray Head Camaderry Camenabologue Carrick Mountain Carrickgollogan Cloghernagh Conavalla Corrigasleggaun Croghan Mountain Cupidstown Hill Djouce Duff Hill Gravale Great Sugar Loaf Keadeen Kilmashogue Kippure Larch Hill Little Sugar Loaf Lobawn Luggala Lugnaquilla Maulin Montpelier Hill Mullacor Mullaghcleevaun Seefingan Slievegad Slievemaan Sugarloaf (West Wicklow) Table Mountain Tibradden Mountain Tonelagee Turlough Hill Two Rock and Three Rock Others Brandon Hill Ben of Howth Coppanagh Croghan Hill Dalkey Hill Faughan Hill Hill of Allen Hill of Ben Hill of Tara Hill of Uisneach Hill of Ward Killiney Hill Knockeyon Mount Alto Mullaghmeen Naul Hills Shielmartin Hill Slieveboy Slieve na Calliagh

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2010)

Portrait of Turlough Carolan, from R.B. Armstrong "The Irish and Highland Harps", Edinburgh, David Douglas, 1904.

Turlough O'Carolan, also known as Turlough Carolan,^[1] (Irish: Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin; Irish pronunciation: [ˈt̪ˠɾˠeːl̪ˠəx oː ˈcaruːl̪ˠaːnʲ]) (1670 – 25 March 1738) was a blind early Irish harper, composer and singer whose great fame is due to his gift for melodic composition. He was the last great Irish harper-composer and is considered by many to be Ireland's national composer. Harpers in the old Irish tradition were still living as late as 1792, as ten, including Arthur O'Neill, Patrick Quin and Donnchadh Ó Hámsaigh, showed up at the Belfast Harp Festival, but there is no proof of any of these being composers. Ó Hámsaigh did play some of Carolan's music but disliked it for being too modern. Some of O'Carolan's own compositions show influence from the style of continental classical music, whereas others such as Carolan's Farewell to Music reflect a much older style of "Gaelic Harping".

Biography[link]

O'Carolan was born in 1670 near Nobber, County Meath, but in 1684 he moved with his family, to Ballyfarnon, County Roscommon, where his father took a job with the MacDermottRoe family of Alderford House. Mrs. MacDermottRoe gave him an education, and he showed talent in poetry. After being blinded by smallpox, at the age of eighteen, O'Carolan was apprenticed by Mrs MacDermott Roe to a good harper. At the age of twenty-one, being given a horse and a guide, he set out to travel Ireland and compose songs for patrons. For almost fifty years, O'Carolan journeyed from one end of the country to the other, composing and performing his tunes.

In 1720, O'Carolan married Mary Maguire. He was then 50 years of age. Their first family home was a cottage on a parcel of land near the town of Mohill in Co Leitrim, where they settled. They had seven children, six daughters and a son. In 1733 Mary died.

O'Carolan is buried in the McDermottroe family crypt in Kilronan Burial Ground near Ballyfarnon, County Roscommon. The annual O'Carolan Harp Festival and Summer School commemorates his life and work in Keadue, County Roscommon.

A bronze monument by sculptor Oisin Kelly depicting Turlough O'Carolan playing his harp, was erected on a plinth at the Market Square, Mohill, on 10 August 1986, and was unveiled by Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland.

Music and style[link]

O'Carolan composed both songs and instrumental harp music. Except for one song with an English text, all of his songs are in Irish. Most of his songs were dedicated to and about specific individuals. Many songs do not survive whole; what lyrics survive have only been published in part. His lyrics are rarely learned, whereas many of his tunes are widely performed and appreciated.

O'Carolan's musical style shows a mix of traditional and classical elements. He typically composed the tune first—as he rode from place to place—then added words later. Many of the tunes attributed to O'Carolan are older traditional melodies that he improved or lengthened. He wrote many "planxties" (tributes) in honor of some person. It is said that weddings and funerals were often delayed until he could arrive to perform.

Publication[link]

His music was first published in Neale's A Collection of the Most Celebrated Irish Tunes ... in Dublin, c.1726. At least 220 tunes which survive to this day are attributed to him, though most were not published or even written down in his lifetime; they survived in the repertories of fiddlers, pipers and the last of the old Irish harpers and were collected and published piecemeal in the late 18th and 19th centuries.

Only in 1958 was his entire repertoire published in one edition by Donal O'Sullivan, and even then few lyrics were given and some of the tunes were edited to make them fit the treble register.

A definitive and comprehensive edition of harp settings matched with the words of the songs has yet to be produced although a number of song settings appeared in The Bunting Collection of Irish Folk Music and Song by Donal O'Sullivan.

Performances[link]

Some of his compositions are performed by many popular Irish musicians, such as Planxty, The Chieftains and The Dubliners. In addition, O'Carolan's Concerto has been used as a neutral Slow March by the Foot Guards of the British Army during the ceremony of Trooping the Colour.

Notable compositions[link]

• "Carolan's Concerto"
• "Carolan's Draught"
• "Carolan's Receipt (Dr. John Stafford)"
• "Carolan's Welcome"
• "Carolan's Ramble to Cashel"
• "Dr. John Hart, Bishop of Achonry"
• "Eleanor Plunkett"
• "Fanny Power"
• "George Brabazon"
• "Hewlett"
• "John O'Connor"
• "Mrs Mc Dermott" (alternatively known as "Princess Royal")
• "Lord Inchiquin"
• "Planxty Irwin"
• "Sí Bheag, Sí Mhór"

Compositions[link]

Complete list (alphabetical order)

Other[link]

• O'Carolan Road in the Tenters area of Dublin 8 is named in his honour.
• Carolan Road and "Carolan Corner" shop are named in his honour in the Ballynafeigh area of south Belfast.
• The Polish band Myslovitz performs a cover of one of O'Carolan's songs called "Peggy Brown", which is arguably one of their greatest hits.

See also[link]

• Music of Ireland
• List of people on stamps of Ireland

References[link]

1. ^ According to the 5th edition of Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, the version "O'Carolan" is "modern and lacks authority"

• Dónal O'Sullivan, Carolan - The Life, Times, and Music of an Irish Harper (1958)
• Dónal O'Sullivan, Songs of the Irish, Browne & Nolan, Dublin (1960)
• Art Edelstein, "Fair Melodies: Turlough Carolan; An Irish Harper" (2001)
• The first commercial recording of the Complete Works has been arranged and performed by Irish pianist: J.J. Sheridan (from Trigon Recordings)
• http://www.mohillparish.ie/MohillParishOnline/turlough.htm

External links[link]

• Recording of O'Carolan's tunes by Garlic Bread and french baroque ensemble "Le concert de l'Hostel Dieu"
• The Complete Carolan: all Carolan's 227 tunes arranged in open tunings for the guitar
• O'Carolan: pages on his life, his tunes, his songs, his harp, with audio files
• Nikolaus Newerkla, Playford Dances & Carolan Tunes, Moeck-Verlag Celle, 2007, tunes arranged for recorders and basso continuo
• Turlough O'Carolan: Irish Harper
• Turlough O'Carolan 1670-1738
• Complete Works of Turlough O'Carolan (musical scores)
• Carolan Fragment: one of the early sources described
• Gaelic harp keys (web article with suggested original keys of all O'Carolan's tunes)
•  "Torlogh O'Carolan". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. 
• The first complete recording of the Complete Works of O'Carolan has been recorded and arranged by Irish pianist, J.J. Sheridan
• Free scores by Turlough O'Carolan at the International Music Score Library Project

Philip G. "Phil" Hare (born February 21, 1949) is the former U.S. Representative for Illinois's 17th congressional district, serving from 2007 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is based in Illinois' share of the Quad Cities area and includes Rock Island, Moline, Quincy, Decatur, Galesburg and part of Springfield.

Early life, education, and early political career[link]

Hare was born in Galesburg but was raised in Rock Island. He graduated from Alleman High School in 1967. The son of a machinist, Hare went to work at Seaford Clothing Factory in Rock Island where he stayed for 13 years. He received his A.A. degree at Black Hawk College in Moline, Illinois. While working there Hare served as a union leader and was President of the UNITE HERE Local 617. He served in the U.S. Army Reserves from 1969 to 1975.^[1]

Hare began his political career in 1980 when he ran as an alternate delegate to the Democratic National Convention in support of the presidential candidacy of Senator Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts. He was one of six candidates running for alternate delegate but the three Kennedy delegates were defeated by the three candidates supporting President Jimmy Carter of Georgia.

Working for Lane Evans[link]

In 1982 Hare left his union position to help his friend Lane Evans, who was running for the U.S. House of Representatives in an attempt to unseat 16-year incumbent Republican Tom Railsback. Hare first met Evans in 1976 when the two were volunteers in U.S. Senator Fred R. Harris's campaign for president. However, Railsback was upset by conservative State Senator Kenneth McMillan in the Republican primary. Evans defeated McMillan in November, and appointed Hare as district director.

For the next 24 years Hare worked as an aide to Evans, assisting the congressman primarily on constituent issues and labor problems. In the last few years of Evans' time in Congress, Hare attended several speaking engagements and even debated Evans' opponents in 2002 and 2004 because of the congressman's Parkinson's disease, which often prevented Evans from participating in the engagements.

U.S. House of Representatives[link]

Elections[link]

2006

In March 2006, Evans decided to retire and shortly afterwards, Hare announced his candidacy to succeed Evans. In a special Democratic caucus of precinct committee members from across the 17th Congressional District, Hare received the endorsement of his former boss and prevailed over the four other candidates to replace Evans as the Democratic nominee. Hare defeated his Republican opponent, Andrea Zinga, with 57% of the vote in the November election.

2008

Hare ran unopposed in 2008.

2010

Hare was challenged by Republican nominee Bobby Schilling and Green Party nominee Roger K. Davis. The race was rated a toss-up by the Cook Political Report, CQ Politics, and the New York Times.^[2][3][4] By October, RealClearPolitics rated it "Leans Republican".^[5]

In the November 2 election, Schilling defeated Hare 53%-42%. Hare lost his home county, normally solidly Democratic Rock Island County, by 9 percentage points.

Tenure[link]

Hare's voting record was decidedly liberal, mirroring that of his boss, Evans. Hare is also a founding member of the LGBT Equality Caucus^[6][7] and is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, of which Evans was a founding member.

Health care

Hare has been an advocate for health care reform since becoming Congressman on Memorial Day, May 29, 2006.^[8] During the summer of 2009, Hare took a hard line stance on a public health insurance option, saying, "I will not support any plan that does not contain a robust public option because, a plan without a public option is sort of like a car without a motor. It may look good on the outside, but in the end it will get you nowhere."^[9] After many local health care town halls and public polling, Hare has since backed off of his support of the public option. Hare is quoted as saying that, he ultimately supports a public option but that "It [the public option] is not a deal breaker."^[10]

Labor

Hare is a supporter of organized labor, including the living wage and the Employee Free Choice Act.^[11]

Abortion

Hare has consistently supported access to and funding for contraception, as well as keeping most methods of abortion legal.^[12] He has received the endorsement of NARAL Pro-Choice America.^[13]

Controversies

At an April 2010 town hall meeting, Hare stated on camera, "I don't worry about the Constitution on this to be honest," in relation to Congressional health-care reform efforts.^[14] The cameraman, who was affiliated with the St. Louis Tea Party, was heard to say "jackpot, brother!" after Hare said this, to which Hare responded, "Oh, please." Hare's communications director, Tim Schlittner, later explained that Hare's quote was "taken out of context" and he meant that "he is not worried about this health care law being ruled unconstitutional."^[15] However in the same interview, Hare said, "I believe it (the Constitution) says 'life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.'" When it was pointed out to him that was actually from the Declaration of Independence, Hare said, "It doesn't matter to me."^[16]

Phil Hare has been accused of distorting his military service. Mr. Hare, who served in the Army Reserves in the United States during the Vietnam War, claims to be a Vietnam veteran even though, legally, he is not. By federal law Hare's military service does not make of him a "veteran" of the Vietnam War because he had never served in Vietnam. When challenged about his military record by an actual Vietnam vet, Mr. Hare demanded to know the identity of the man. When the vet refused to give his name Mr. Hare reportedly told an aide to follow the man to his car and get his license plate number so he could find out who the man was. According to the vet, "As Mr. Hare was turning to walk away form me he paused, and turning back to my direction, he glared at me intently, and while leaning forward pointed his finger at me, and in a threatening and intimidating manner said, "I'll find out who you are!" Given the nature of Illinois politics, and Mr. Hare's reputation as a mean politician, I felt intimidated by the power of Mr. Hare's office and what he might do." ^[17]

Committee assignments[link]

• Committee on Education and Labor
  • Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions
  • Subcommittee on Workforce Protections
• Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
  • Subcommittee on Highways and Transit
  • Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment

Election history[link]

• Nomination of precinct committeepersons U.S. House 2006
  • Phil Hare — 17,011 — 64%
  • John M. Sullivan — 7,530 — 28%
  • Mark Schwiebert — 1,370 — 5%
  • Michael Boland — 612 — 2%
  • Rob Mellon — 98 — 0%
• Election of November 7, 2006 for U.S. House Dist. 17
  • Phil Hare (D) — 114,638 — 57%
  • Andrea Zinga (R) — 85,734 — 43%
• Election of November 4, 2008 for U.S. House Dist. 17
  • Phil Hare (D) —- 220,961—99.77%
  • Mark E. Lioen—517—0.23%

Personal life[link]

Hare and his wife Beckie currently live in Rock Island and have two grown children, Amy and Louis.

Hare appeared on the March 15, 2007 episode of The Colbert Report in the show's "Better Know a District" series.^[18]

References[link]

1. ^ Tibbetts, Ed (2010-06-14). "Rep. Phil Hare in battle over one word: Veteran". Quad City Times. http://qctimes.com/news/local/article_082aad62-7756-11df-98c0-001cc4c002e0.html. Retrieved 2010-10-20. "U.S. Rep. Phil Hare’s use of the word “veteran” to describe his military service has angered some local military veterans who say he’s improperly taking on the title." 
2. ^ Illinois 17th District Profile (NYT)
3. ^ CQ Politics IL-17
4. ^ Cook Political Report Upgrades IL-17 to Toss Up
5. ^ RealClearPolitics IL-17
6. ^ "LGBT Equality Caucus | House Members Form LGBT Equality Caucus". Lgbt.tammybaldwin.house.gov. 2008-06-04. http://lgbt.tammybaldwin.house.gov/samplePress.shtml. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 
7. ^ "LGBT Equality Caucus | Home". Lgbt.tammybaldwin.house.gov. http://lgbt.tammybaldwin.house.gov/membership.shtml. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 
8. ^ "IL District 17 - Democratic Candidate Appointment Race - May 29, 2006". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=281866. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 
9. ^ “”. "Phil Hare Takes the Pledge". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aObq0Tbu71k. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 
10. ^ "Hare talks health care at annual luncheon". saukvalley.com. 2009-10-06. http://www.saukvalley.com/articles/2009/10/06/48605195/index.xml. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 
11. ^ "Congressman Phil Hare : Hare News Clips : Dispatch-Argus: Hare will take prominent role in debate on pro-unions bill". Hare.house.gov. 2007-03-01. http://hare.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=8&sectiontree=5,8&itemid=438. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 
12. ^ "Phil Hare on the Issues". Ontheissues.org. http://www.ontheissues.org/IL/Phil_Hare_Abortion.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 
13. ^ "Winning Pro-Choice Candidates". Prochoiceamerica.org. http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/elections/pro-choice-winners.html. Retrieved 2010-07-12. ^{[dead link]}
14. ^ Congressman: 'I Don’t Worry About the Constitution' on Health Care Overhaul. FoxNews.com. April 2, 2010.
15. ^ "Hare Communications Director Issues Statement on Constitution Comment in Quincy". hare.house.gov. April 2, 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
16. ^ [1] YouTube
17. ^ http://www.chicagonow.com/blogs/publius-forum/2010/06/ill-congressman-hare-puffing-military-record-and-intimidating-voters.html "Warner Todd Huston, Publius Forum, june 8, 2010"
18. ^ "Better Know a District - Illinois' 17th - Phil Hare | March 15, 2007 - Ayaan Hirsi Ali". ColbertNation.com. 2007-03-15. http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/83813/march-15-2007/better-know-a-district---illinois--17th---phil-hare. Retrieved 2010-07-12. 

External links[link]

• U.S. Congressman Phil Hare official U.S. House site
• Friends of Phil Hare official campaign site
• Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Congressional profile at GovTrack
• Congressional profile at OpenCongress
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Current Bills Sponsored at StateSurge.com
• Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
• Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• Profile at SourceWatch

Martin Doyle
Born	25 October 1891 New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland
Died	20 November 1940 (aged 49) Dublin, Ireland
Buried at	Grangegorman Military Cemetery, Dublin
Allegiance	United Kingdom Ireland
Service/branch	British Army Irish Army
Unit	Royal Munster Fusiliers Irish Republican Army Irish Army
Battles/wars	World War I Irish War of Independence Irish Civil War
Awards	Victoria Cross Military Medal

Martin Doyle VC, MM (25 October 1891 – 20 November 1940) was a British Army soldier during the First World War, and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

After the war he joined the IRA in the Irish War of Independence and served with the Irish Army during and after the Irish Civil War.

World War I[link]

Doyle was born in New Ross, County Wexford on 25 October 1891. After service with the Royal Dublin Fusiliers he joined the The Royal Munster Fusiliers and was awarded the Military Medal^[1]

In September 1918 as a company sergeant-major in the 1st Battalion, The Royal Munster Fusiliers, 16th (Irish) Division during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:

For most conspicuous bravery on the 2nd September, 1918, near Riencourt, when as Acting Company Serjeant-Major, command of the company devolved upon him consequent on officer casualties.

Observing that some of our men were surrounded by the enemy, he led a party to their assistance, and by skill and leadership worked his way along the trenches, killed several of the enemy and extricated the party, carrying back, under heavy fire, a wounded officer to a place of safety. Later, seeing a Tank in difficulties, he rushed forward under intense fire, routed the enemy who were attempting to get into it, and prevented the advance of another enemy party collecting for a further attack on the Tank. An enemy machine gun now opened on the Tank at close range, rendering it impossible to get the wounded away, whereupon C.S.M. Doyle, with great gallantry, rushed forward, and, single-handed, silenced the machine gun, capturing it with three prisoners. He then carried a wounded man to safety under very heavy fire.

Later in the day, when the enemy counterattacked his position, he showed great power of command, driving back the enemy and capturing many prisoners. Throughout the whole of these operations C.S.M. Doyle set the very highest example to all ranks by his courage and total disregard of danger.

^[2]

IRA service[link]

Doyle later served with the IRA in the Irish War of Independence and with the Irish Army in the Irish Civil War In 1924 he served with the Irish Army in New Ross. He died in Dublin in 1940 from poliomyelitis, aged 49.^[3][4]

References[link]

Sources[link]

• The Register of the Victoria Cross (1981, 1988 and 1997)
• Clarke, Brian D. H. (1986). "A register of awards to Irish-born officers and men". The Irish Sword XVI (64): 185–287. 
• Ireland's VCs (Dept. of Economic Development 1995)
• Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
• Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)

External links[link]

• Location of grave and VC medal
• Martin Doyle at Find a Grave
• Department of the Taoiseach: Irish Soldiers in the First World War

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