- published: 29 Mar 2015
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Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (Russian: Лев Семёнович Вы́готский or Выго́тский, born Лев Симхович Выгодский (Lev Simkhovich Vygodsky), November 17 [O.S. November 5] 1896 – June 11, 1934) was a Soviet psychologist, the founder of cultural-historical psychology, and the leader of the Vygotsky Circle. In the early 1920s, his birth name was changed from Vygodskii (with "d") into Vygotskii (with middle "t").
Lev Vygotsky was born in Orsha, Byelorussia, in the Russian Empire (present-day Belarus) into a nonreligious Jewish family. He was raised in the city of Gomel, where he obtained both public and private education. He was influenced by his cousin, David Vygodsky. Vygotsky was eventually admitted to the Moscow State University through a “Jewish Lottery” to meet a three percent Jewish student quota for entry in Moscow and Saint Petersberg universities. There he studied law, but his thirst for knowledge pushed him to enroll in the “unofficial” “Shanyavskii People’s University”. Upon graduation in 1917, Vygotsky returned to Gomel to teach, “a profession he was now able to practice due to the abolition of the anti-Semitic legislation after the October Socialist Revolution”, and publish "copies of great literary works".
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