Genetic history of P1-M45: Native American migration - R1 & Q people passing the Bering Strait | 2

• Report rights infringement
• published: 07 Jul 2014
• views: 25712

• Journey Of Man: A Genetic Odyssey, produced by tigress in association with PBS and National Geographic Channels International © tigress productions MMII. • Wells, Spencer et al. 2001 • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC56946/ • http://maya-gaia.angelfire.com/journey_of_man.html • http://htmlimg3.scribdassets.com/1fr92zwry8twjbs/images/4-5b30e9221e.jpg • Wells' earlier expedition in 1998 had provided blood samples from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan and he reconnects with a man named Niyazov -a Kazakh Turk who lives in Kazakhstan near the border of Kirgyzistan. Niyazov has African markers that go back 2000 generations and also has an important Y chromosome marker called P-M45, which is ancestral to R-M207 and Q-M242. That indicates Central Asia is where M45 originated and where both Europeans and Native Americans were descendant from. Niyazov is descended in an unbroken line from the people who originally occupied Central Asia 40 000 years ago. • Dr. Spencer Wells who wrote a book titled "Journey of Man" claims he has evidence based on the Y-Chromosome tests, the first group followed the coast line of southern Asia all the way to Australia 50.000 years ago after Africa. Another group about 40.000 years ago walked again but took an inland route and first settled in Kazakhstan. This group then spread to west thru Russia, some to China and some to Siberia and Alaska, North&South; America and some to Pakistan/India. He states that he identified the M9 "Central asian" marker which first occurred among people of Central Asian (Turkestan) steppes 40.000 years ago. He claims that a man named Niyazov (a Kazak Turk) has the M9 but no subsequent markers, therefore he must have descended in an unbroken line from the people who originally occupied Central Asia 40.000 years ago. Wells states that Niyazov's gene was the father to most Europeans, most Asians, most Indians and many Native Americans. • Apparently there are 2 subspecies of our species, a tropical one and a temperate one. The tropical subspecies is represented by sub-Saharan Africans, Melanesians, Australian Aborigines, and some Dravidians. The temperate subspecies includes all the rest of the world peoples, descended from one man who lived in Kazakhstan about 40,000 years ago. • CHRONOLOGY: • Caves in Southern France show the first to arrive in Europe: the Cro Magnon. They arrived from Africa 35,000 YA. They had a cold, dark life which explains lighter skin adaptations. • One nomadic group left Khazakstan (central Asia) straight northeast into the Ice Age. 13,000 YA they crossed an ice sheet into Alaska. These descendants of Siberia (10-20 individuals) made their way down the American west coast over 800 years. • Navaho indigenous people have their own Creation Story that say they are from the mountains. Yet they carry the same central Asian genetic marker as Niyazov from Kyrgystan. ____________________________ The origins of the First Americans remain contentious. Although Native Americans seem to be genetically most closely related to east Asians1, 2, 3, there is no consensus with regard to which specific Old World populations they are closest to4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Here we sequence the draft genome of an approximately 24,000-year-old individual (MA-1), from Mal'ta in south-central Siberia9, to an average depth of 1×. To our knowledge this is the oldest anatomically modern human genome reported to date. The MA-1 mitochondrial genome belongs to haplogroup U, which has also been found at high frequency among Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers10, 11, 12, and the Y chromosome of MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages5. Similarly, we find autosomal evidence that MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and genetically closely related to modern-day Native Americans, with no close affinity to east Asians. This suggests that populations related to contemporary western Eurasians had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought. Furthermore, we estimate that 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population. This is likely to have occurred after the divergence of Native American ancestors from east Asian ancestors, but before the diversification of Native American populations in the New World. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v505/n7481/full/nature12736.html -------------------------- The presence of haplogroup R1 among Indigenous Americans groups is a matter of controversy. It is now the most common haplogroup after the various Q-M242, especially in North America, highest worldwide R1 rates among Great Lakes/Algonquian-speakers, in Ojibwe people at 79%, Chipewyan 62%, Seminole 50%, Cherokee 47%, Dogrib 40% and Papago 38%. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_R1#Americas