Kingdom of Thailand ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai) Ratcha-anachak Thai Flag of Thailand Flag {{{coat_alt}}} Emblem Anthem: Phleng Chat Thai (English: "Thai National Anthem") MENU0:00 Royal anthem: Sansoen Phra Barami (English: "Glorify His prestige") MENU0:00 Location of Thailand (green) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (dark grey) – [Legend] Location of Thailand (green) in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (dark grey) – [Legend] Location of Thailand Capital and largest city Bangkok 13°45′N 100°29′E Official languages Thai[1] Spoken languages IsanKam MueangPak Tai Ethnic groups (2009;[6] 2011[3]:95–99) Thai ∟ 34.1% Central Thai ∟ 24.9% Khon Isan[2] ∟ 9.9% Khon Muang ∟ 7.5% Southern Thai 14% Thai Chinese 12% Others (incl. Karen, Malay, Mon, Khmer, "Hill tribes")[3]:95–99[4][5] Religion 94.50% Buddhism 4.29% Islam 1.17% Christianity 0.03% Hinduism 0.01% Unaffiliated[7] Demonym(s) Thai Siamese (archaic) Government Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy under a military junta • Monarch Maha Vajiralongkorn • Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha Legislature National Legislative Assembly (acting as National Assembly) • Upper house Senate • Lower house House of Representatives Formation • Sukhothai Kingdom 1238–1448 • Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351–1767 • Thonburi Kingdom 1768–1782 • Rattanakosin Kingdom 6 April 1782 • Constitutional monarchy 24 June 1932 • Current constitution 6 April 2017 Area • Total 513,120 km2 (198,120 sq mi) (50th) • Water (%) 0.4 (2,230 km2) Population • 2016 estimate 68,863,514[8] (20th) • 2010 census 64,785,909[9] • Density 132.1/km2 (342.1/sq mi) (88th) GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate • Total $1.323 trillion[10] • Per capita $19,126[10] GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate • Total $490 billion[11] • Per capita $7,084[11] Gini (2015) 36[12] medium HDI (2017) Increase 0.755[13] high · 83rd Currency Baht (฿) (THB) Time zone UTC+7 (ICT) Driving side left Calling code +66 ISO 3166 code TH Internet TLD .th.ไทย You may need rendering support to display the Thai text in this article correctly. Thailand (Thai: ประเทศไทย) (/ˈtaɪlænd, -lənd/ TY-land, -⁠lənd), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam (Thai: สยาม), is a country at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km2 (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Although nominally a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup in 2014 established a de facto military dictatorship. Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century. Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, the Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as Ngoenyang, the Sukhothai Kingdom, Lan Na and the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which rivaled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, one of the great powers in the region. Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai's reign (1656–88), gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in 1767 in a war with Burma. Taksin quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom. He was succeeded in 1782 by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, the first monarch of the Chakri dynasty and founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, which lasted into the early 20th century. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, Siam faced pressure from France and the United Kingdom, including forced concessions of territory, but nevertheless it remained the only Southeast Asian country to avoid direct Western rule. Following a bloodless revolution in 1932, Siam became a constitutional monarchy and changed its official name to "Thailand". While it joined the Allies in World War I, Thailand was an Axis satellite in World War II. In the late 1950s, a military coup revived the monarchy's historically influential role in politics. Thailand became a major ally of the United States and played a key anti-communist role in the region. Apart from a brief period of parliamentary democracy in the mid-1970s, Thailand has periodically alternated between democracy and military rule. In the 21st century, Thailand endured a political crisis that culminated in two coups and the establishment of its current and 20th constitution by the military junta.

• published: 15 Mar 2019
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