Shotokan (松濤館流, Shōtōkan-ryū?) is a style of karate, developed from various martial arts by Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957) and his son Gigo (Yoshitaka) Funakoshi (1906–1945). Gichin was born in Okinawa and is widely credited with popularizing karate through a series of public demonstrations, and by promoting the development of university karate clubs, including those at Keio, Waseda, Hitotsubashi (Shodai), Takushoku, Chuo, Gakushuin, and Hosei.
Funakoshi had many students at the university clubs and outside dojos, who continued to teach karate after his death in 1957. However, internal disagreements (in particular the notion that competition is contrary to the essence of karate) led to the creation of different organizations—including an initial split between the Japan Karate Association (headed by Masatoshi Nakayama) and the Shotokai (headed by Motonobu Hironishi and Shigeru Egami), followed by many others—so that today there is no single "Shotokan school", although they all bear Funakoshi's influence. Being one of the first and biggest styles, Shotokan is considered a traditional and influential form of karate.
Lyoto Carvalho Machida (Portuguese pronunciation: [liˈotu maˈʃidɐ]; born May 30, 1978) is a Japanese-Brazilian mixed martial artist from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil who fights as a light heavyweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion and is currently ranked as the #6 light heavyweight fighter in the world by Sherdog, MMAWeekly and Yahoo! Sports.
Machida was born in the city of Salvador as the third son of the highly ranked head of the Brazilian branch of the Japan Karate Association, Shotokan karate master Yoshizo Machida. Yoshizo moved to Brazil from Japan when he was 22 years old. There he met and married Lyoto's mother, Ana Claudia. Growing up in Belém, Lyoto began training in karate at the age of three and earned his black belt at the age of thirteen. He also began training in sumo at twelve and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu at fifteen. He won a number of amateur karate tournaments, including the 2001 Pan American Karate tournament.
He was the runner-up in the 2000 Brazilian Sumo Championships in the 115 kg division. As an adult, he became Brazilian Champion twice under Taylor Swanson, and placed second in the South American Championship. He defeated American black belt Jiu-Jitsu fighter Rafael Lovato Jr. at L.A. Sub X. In addition to his sumo and karate achievements, he has a college degree in Physical Education. Lyoto's brother, Chinzô, is a Shotokan vice-champion (Australia 2006), losing only to number-one ranked Shotokan master Koji Ogata. Lyoto and Chinzô fought in a Karate Final 10 years ago in which Lyoto gave Chinzô a cheek scar that still exists today. His other brothers include Kenzo Machida, a TV journalist for one of Brazil's biggest TV stations, Take Machida and adopted brother Francisco Machida.
Hirokazu Kanazawa (金澤 弘和, Kanazawa Hirokazu?, born 3 May 1931) is a world-renowned Japanese master of Shotokan karate. He is the Chief instructor and President of the Shotokan Karate-Do International Federation, an organisation he founded after he left the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Kanazawa is ranked 10th dan in karate.
Kanazawa was born on 3 May 1931 in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. He trained in judo during his school years, and held the rank of 2nd dan in that martial art. He began training in karate whilst at Takushoku University under the then-head instructor of Shotokan karate, Masatoshi Nakayama. Kanazawa also learned from the founder of the Shotokan style, Gichin Funakoshi, and is one of the few living karateka (practitioners of karate) to have done so.
Kanazawa was promoted to the rank of 1st dan in Shotokan karate with less than two years of training in the art; promotion to 2nd dan came three years later. In 1956, he graduated from university and joined the JKA. That same year, he was promoted to 3rd dan. Kanazawa won the inaugural All Japan Karate Championship’s kumite (sparring) championship in 1957. He reportedly won the kumite competition with a broken hand. That same year, Kanazawa was among the first to graduate from the JKA's instructor training programme. In 1958, Kanazawa won the kata (patterns) title and shared the kumite title with Takayuki Mikami. Mikami and Kanazawa had been classmates and roommates for a long time and, because they knew each other well, they launched a minimal number of attacks, mainly just circling until the time was up; thus, they shared the kumite title.
Masatoshi Nakayama (中山 正敏, Nakayama Masatoshi?, April 13, 1913 – April 15, 1987) was an internationally renowned Japanese master of Shotokan karate. He helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949, and wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art. For almost 40 years, until his death in 1987, Nakayama worked to spread Shotokan karate around the world. He was the first master in Shotokan history to attain the rank of 9th dan while alive, and was posthumously awarded the rank of 10th dan.
Nakayama was born on April 13, 1913, in the Yamaguchi prefecture of Japan. He was descended from the Sanada clan, who were known as kenjutsu instructors, from the Nagano region. Nakayama's grandfather was Naomichi Nakayama, a surgeon in Tokyo, who had also been the last of the family to teach kenjutsu. Nakayama's father was Naomichi Nakayama, an army physician and a judoka (practitioner of judo). His father was assigned to Taipei, so Nakayama spent some of his formative years there. Apart from his academic studies, he participated in kendo, skiing, swimming, tennis, and track running.
[On the Ides of March (March 15) a group of senators
called Caesar to the forum for the purpose of reading a
petition. However, the petition was a fake. As Caesar
began to read the false petition, Tillius Cimber, who
had handed him the petition, pulled down Caesar's
tunic. According to Suetonius, Caesar then cried to
Cimber, "Why, this is violence!" Within moments, the
entire group, including Brutus, was striking out at the
dictator. Caesar attempted to get away, but, blinded by
blood, he tripped and fell; the men continued stabbing
him as he lay defenceless on the lower steps of the
portico. According to Eutropius, around sixty or more
men participated in the assassination. He was stabbed
23 times.
According to Plutarch, after the assassination, Brutus
stepped forward as if to say something to his fellow
senators; they, however, fled the building. Brutus and
his companions then marched to the Capitol while crying
out to their beloved city: "People of Rome, we are once
again free!". They were met with silence, as the
citizens of Rome had locked themselves inside their
houses as soon as the rumour of what had taken place
had begun to spread.
A wax statue of Caesar was erected in the forum
displaying the 23 stab wounds. A crowd who had amassed
there started a fire, which badly damaged the forum and
neighbouring buildings. In the ensuing chaos Mark
Antony, Octavian (later Augustus Caesar), and others
fought a series of five civil wars, which would end in
the formation of the Roman Empire.]
Welcome Caesar to the Senate floor,
You’re in for a meeting like never before!
Play the part, walk to your final act - your requiem!
Do you know what’s behind the set?
Can you read from the eyes you’ve met?
On this day we cherish the God of war.
Warned by the seer to stay away,
You should’ve listened, they’re not all astray.
Every step you take may be your last; a thing of the
past!
Do you know what’s behind the lies?
Can’t you see you’re the one they despise?
On this day we cherish the God of war
You live with traitors by your side
Watching you waste your days and nights
Take the seer’s advice and cherish your life
Beware, beware the Ides of March!
An innocent meeting or so it would seem,
In a place so private, none can hear you scream.
A crowded room, a quick violent stare; a knife
surprise!
Tripping, falling, there’s no chance for escape
23 wounds are more than it takes.
A tyrant is down; no help for him now
[CHORUS]
Welcome Caesar to the Senate floor,
You’ve been in a meeting like never before!
Played your part in your final act
[That very day; Cleopatra committed suicide. His
children by Cleopatra were spared. The ancient sources,
particularly the Roman ones, are in general agreement
that Cleopatra killed herself by inducing an asp to
bite her. The oldest source is Strabo, who was alive at
the time of the event, and might even have been in
Alexandria. He says that there are two stories: that
she applied a toxic ointment, or that she was bitten by
an asp. The site of their tomb or tombs is uncertain,
but may lie near the temple of Taposiris Magna in
Alexandria.]
Now that everything is lost
Everything I held dear
All gone in the madness of this world
Don’t let me fall apart
Don't let me live a lie
Kiss my lips and poison my heart
Whisper your love and poison my soul
Anubis be my guide tonight
Let my thoughts run out of line
So we can start this show tonight
Drums pounding in the distance
Heralding the end of days
A whisper of a warning,
They grow louder every day
They bring the nightmare that’s at bay
My final act
My betrayal
My ancestors in the past
Have foreseen a future that would last
So Fathers where are you now
I’m just wondering why
There are drums in the distance
Heralding the end of days
A whisper of a warning,
They grow louder every day
There will be no new dawn
For me a child of (the) Gods
Now the drums are beating faster
“It’s coming now, It’s coming now” they warn
There comes a time when you decide
A time to make a sacrifice
And pay the final price in blood
So sacred and divine
Is there glory in such an act?
Endless death or eternal fame
And as the final curtain falls
I’m just wondering why
There were drums in the distance
Heralding the end of days
A whisper of a warning,
They grow louder every day
There will be no new dawn
For I was child of (the) Gods
Father please come get me now
And take me to a better place
Yes there were drums in the distance
Heralding the end of days
Come and see my final act
Of despair and of regret
Won’t see a brand new dawn
For I was child of (the) Gods
All for this day, this twisted glory
Still I’m wondering why
There were drums in the distance
Heralding the end of days
A whisper of a warning,
They grow louder every day
There will be no new dawn
For I was child of (the) Gods
Father please come get me now
And take me to a better place
Yes there were drums in the distance
Heralding the end of days
Come and see my final act
Of despair and of regret
Won’t see a brand new dawn
For I was child of (the) Gods
All for this day, this twisted glory
Still I’m wondering why
Can’t hear it, can’t see it, can’t feel it, can’t hide
Don’t need this damnation
When all I sought was salvation
Can’t hear it, can’t see it, can’t feel it, can’t hide
Don’t need forgotten glory
Still can’t help but wonder why
Have the Gods forsaken,
Have the Gods forsaken me?
Have the Gods forgotten,
Have the Gods forgotten me?
In a life it’s hardest to know which bridges to burn
and which ones to cross
All these paths can surely make one scream when it all
seems like a dream
Somewhere out there there is truth and there are lies,
all well hidden in disguise
For what follows ends in my goodbye, still can’t help
[The political consequences of this battle were far-
reaching. After Mark Antony lost his fleet, his army,
which had been equal to that of Octavian, deserted in
large numbers. Under cover of darkness some 19 Legions
and 12,000 cavalry fled before Antony was able to
engage Octavian in a land battle. Despite a victory at
Alexandria on July 31, 30 BC, more of Mark Antony's
armies deserted, leaving him with insufficient forces
to fight Octavian. Mark Antony then fled from the
battle. Thus, Octavian's victory at the Battle of
Actium gave him sole and uncontested control of the
Roman Mediterranean and he became "Augustus Caesar" and
the "first citizen" of Rome.]
Running – on the road to nowhere
Time is - passing on
Now that – all hope is gone and
The end will be violent
So little time, my agony
Now the dark creeps in
Soon I will sleep
For all eternity
Somewhere out there (there)
Lie all our dreams (dreams)
Once enchanted
Now deceptive
Drifting through dark
The change in seasons
Give me reasons
For this treason
Darkness – covers these lands
Silence – the end is near
Something – hides in (the) shadow
Someone breaths and waits
Forgotten life, a mercy of night
Now the dark creeps in
Soon I will sleep
For all eternity
[CHORUS]
Now the dark creeps in
Soon I will sleep
For all eternity
[The Caesarians Octavian (Caesar's principal, though
not sole, heir), Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus under
the Second Triumvirate had stepped in to fill the power
vacuum caused by Julius Caesar's assassination. After
the Triumvirate had defeated Marcus Junius Brutus and
Gaius Cassius Longinus at the Battle of Philippi (42
BC) and Lepidus was expelled from the Triumvirate (36
BC), Octavian and Antony were left as the two most
powerful men in the Roman world. For a time, Rome saw
peace. Antony had been having an affair with the queen
of Egypt, Cleopatra. When Cleopatra received word that
Rome had declared war, Antony threw his support to
Egypt. Immediately, the Senate stripped Antony of all
his official power and labelled him as an outlaw and a
traitor. Octavian summoned all of his legions, numbered
at almost 200,000 Roman legionaries. Cleopatra and
Antony did the same, assembling roughly the same number
in mixed heavy Roman and light Egyptian infantry. The
stage was set for the largest conflict the Roman world
had ever seen.]
The queen of sand, the chosen one,
Goddess on earth, sent from above.
The queen of kings, a tear of Ra,
An ocean princess.
A man of arms, a legionnaire, a fool in love,
…blinded by the light.
A destiny – united; a passion – unrevealed
All it took was one look into…
Her eyes.
Two saints gone astray.
A sign sent from the sky,
A moment, caught in time.
Two souls, one mind - the alliance!
A bond of life - the alliance!
A trail of tears, a pact of death,
Sworn enemies, becoming friends.
Against the world, on a path of dreams,
Towards a dead end.
A change in course of time, a point of no return,
Against the rest of the world!
A unity – unbreakable.
One voice.
The lies,
Repeating once again.
When dreams come to life,
United till the end.
[The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the
Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of
Mark Antony and Octavian (the Second Triumvirate)
against the forces of Julius Caesar's assassins Marcus
Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at
Philippi in Macedonia. The Second Triumvirate declared
this civil war to avenge Julius Caesar's murder.]
Legions awaiting for new dawn to come,
Redemption or one’s final breath?
The army of thousands, but yet all alone
Every man on his own...
A change of an era hangs in the air
Can anyone sense that it’s here?
Their eyes are reflecting a new kind of dreams
A vision of future, it’s not what it seems...
A strike through the hand of Mars
New blood in the sea of lies
A mask, a death parade
Their endless shades of pain.
Gaze in their eyes my innocent child,
Defeat is what you will see.
A message in time, a lesson to learn,
The final betrayal, their fortune has turned.
The cost of their lives, the price they have paid,
An empire made out of sand.
Always ahead, but never in front,
Forgotten they died all alone.
[Cleopatra's son by Caesar, Caesarion, was proclaimed
pharaoh by the Egyptians, but Octavian had already won.
Caesarion was captured and executed, his fate
reportedly sealed by Octavian's phrase: "Two Caesars
are one too many." This ended not just the Hellenistic
line of Egyptian pharaohs, but the line of all Egyptian
pharaohs. The Egyptian empire – once mighty and
powerful – fell. Nothing but a shadow of its former
glory it remained nothing but an empire in ruins…]
In secret I - now rule my land
In secret now - I command the damned
In the halls of our fathers
We shall meet again
In the halls of our fathers
We shall remain insane...
Another day is dawning,
Another sunrise coming
To mark the fall of all
Come, come, come and hear thy call
The starless sky dims this night, (this night tonight)
And the moon is left alone to shine in vain, (to shine
in pain)
From the far away I can hear the rain drawing nearer.
Can feel the end of my reign.
On this night
Will you fight?
Will our world burn bright?
Immortal
Forever
Now that we are free
As faith tosses coins in the air, turning hope into
despair
For the shadows see it all and they rarely forget,
Near the borders of insanity
We will find our immortality
[CHORUS]
And now I stand alone,
No one to take me home
Even death will not wait
All is gone, let me rage against my fate.
All we do not see
Lost and forgotten yet immortal forever
See the end of the sons of Ra.
[CHORUS]
Alone we walk this path,
of death and of decay
Alone we contemplate,
our faith and our betrayal
And as our life transcends,
to another realm
It’s hard to let it go;
So hard to let it go!
I can see that
this is now the end
... the end
…the end
In our blindness we move forward
Clinging to the lies we’ve harboured
Never could admit mistakes
Despite the fears, what it takes
Is there someone who can tell me
How this future came to be?
And as the worlds now fall apart
My visions fade away in dark
Each escape that I’ve taken
Never sleep yet never waken
Can this question last forever?
Hidden dreams it’s now or never
[Caesarion, was born in Egypt in 47 BC and was the son
of Julius Caesar. Cleopatra VII hoped that her son
would eventually succeed his father as the head of the
Roman Republic as well as Egypt.
During the tense period of time leading up to the final
conflict between Mark Antony and Octavian (future
Emperor Augustus), Antony, who at that time shared
control of the Republic in a triumvirate with Octavian
and Lepidus, granted various eastern lands and titles
to Caesarion and to his own three children with
Cleopatra (in 34 BC). Caesarion was proclaimed "King of
Kings." Most threatening to Octavian (whose claim to
power was based on his status as Julius Caesar's
grandnephew and adopted son), Antony declared Caesarion
to be Caesar's true son and heir.]
A new life conceived by Sand and Steel,
Uniting former foes against their will.
Son of the goddess, the "King of the Kings",
The ruler of the dawn is here.
Arise from the desert, my dearest son,
Sit by me on a golden throne.
Merge the great nations of East and West
These lands are all for you to own.
Heir to the throne, all the legions of Rome,
My heart sees divinity in you.
Bright eyes see, what night conceals - the secrets of a
man.
Carry out my hidden plan - you’re blood bound to these
lands.
Scheme so mysterious, eager for the fray;
It’s written in the sand.
Stand out against all odds
The dawn of a new day has begun.
Royal blood streams through your own veins,
Great deeds are yet to be done.
[After the battle, a new arrangement was made between
the members of the Second Triumvirate: while Octavian
returned to Rome, Antony went on to govern the east.
Lepidus went on to govern Hispania and the province of
Africa. The triumvirate's enemies were subjected to
proscription including Mark Antony's archenemy Cicero
who was killed on December 7 43 BC.]
Now the battle has been won
I shall remain in the East
Far and near, high and clear,
The winners will write history
So much death under the sun
So many brothers deceased
In Egypt I shall go from here
To write my own history
The alliance formed - my lover you shall be
No fate I want, no world; no world without you (no
faith no world without you)
Such lovely fantasy full of mystery (mystery)
When Fortune smiles, no escape without you (no faith no
world without you)
This is the deepest secret nobody knows
Wind and rain, the bone chill of cold,
The prophecy of the Old
What you keep saying - you still propose
Is to finally crush all my foes
In Egypt where my soul shall dwell
Until my last dying breath in hell
The alliance formed - let history be judge
[CHORUS]
An alliance doomed - let history be judge
No fate I want, no world; no world without you (no
faith no world without you)
Such lovely fantasy full of misery (misery)
When there’s no end, no escape without you (no faith no
world without you)
[In 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by senators who
opposed Caesar's assumption of absolute power and wanted
to restore constitutional government. Initially it was
thought that a new republic will emerge from the chaos
that followed. But in the aftermath a Second Triumvirate,
consisting of Caesar's designated heir, Octavian, and his
former supporters, Mark Antony and Lepidus, took power.
However, this alliance soon descended into a struggle for
dominance. Lepidus was exiled, and when Octavian defeated
Antony and Cleopatra of Egypt at the Battle of Actium in
31 BC, he became the undisputed ruler of Rome.]
Now a new age dawns
The Republic’s time is ending
The people fear the end draws near
Listen friends and hear my tale
Of power and of betrayal
The stage is set the world will never forget
Where legends dwell and myths are born
In the aftermath when the world is torn
Listen friends and hear my tale
Listen all!
How many times will you turn your head
There's a riddle in every little word you say
I'm no friend to poor another drink
So is irony, darling don't you think
Bridges burned upon a troubled sea
Will I ever learn what longing does to me
Fingers crossed I never caused no harm
It's the third time now
They say its a charm
It's the darkest hour right before dawn
It's the darkest hour right before the dawn
Fingers crossed the magic man was right
If you follow hearts you will get through the night
Cold is cold
The dark is dark
Will I ever live to mend a broken heart
It's the darkest hour right before dawn
It's the darkest hour right before the dawn
It's the darkest hour right before dawn
It's the darkest hour right before the dawn
Fingers crossed the magic man was right
If you follow hearts you will get through the night
Cold is cold
The dark is dark
Will I ever live to mend a broken heart
It's the darkest hour right before dawn
It's the darkest hour right before the dawn
It's the darkest hour right before dawn
It's the darkest hour right before the dawn
How many times will you turn your head
[With no other refuge to escape to, Antony committed
suicide by stabbing himself with his sword in the
mistaken belief that Cleopatra had already done so (30
BC). When he found out that Cleopatra was still alive,
his friends brought him to Cleopatra's monument in
which she was hiding, and he died in her arms.]
It’s been a long, long time since I slept in peace, so
calm
Now only a shadow remains
You asked me once if I can conquer the great blue sky
In silence I can hear your cries
Sometimes I just wish that I could turn back the time
and just give it all up
My heart lies in utter darkness now
So ignorant and blind
Beaten in my own game
Over and over again
I can’t stop but wondering
What would be if I were free from her spell
Some days I just wish that I could turn back the time
and start from anew
Now I walk alone in shame full of misery and pain
As I contemplate my final plan
All these echoes from the past in time they shall pass
As I free myself from this hell
Once a general, now a fool
I shall leave this world now...
Some days I just wish that I could turn back the time
and just give it all up
[CHORUS]
Once a general, now a fool
I shall leave this world now...
Once a general, now a fool
I shall leave this world now...
Past the White Rock, past the Land of Dream,
I shall walk the Elysian Fields
Kept my soul clean, kept my soul pure,
[The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to
the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar
Octavianus (later known as Augustus), Marcus Aemilius
Lepidus, and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC
with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of
which marked the end of the Roman Republic. The
Triumvirate existed for two five-year terms, covering
the period 43 BC – 33 BC. The Lex Titia was a Roman law
passed on November 27, 43 BC, that granted triumvirates
the right to rule for a period of five years. It is
commonly known as the law that formalized and legalized
the second triumvirate of Octavian, Mark Antony and
Lepidus (the first triumvirate had existed outside of
the law).]
People of Rome behold,
There is something important, that has to be told:
Lex Titia – the new law of Rome.
Rise of the trinity - a new chapter has begun.
Three's company
Prepared to rule the world
Three's company
They conquer with the sword
Rotten within,
Just layers of … sin!
Our republic is no more!
Dictators side by side, governing our days,
But they don’t care about us.
Forced control of our land, our homes, our lives,
What will we become?!
Whatever will happen, whatever will come
Nothing else matters, just glory of Rome.
Three's company - prepared to rule the world
Three's company - they conquered with the sword
Whatever will happen, whatever will come
Nothing else matters, just glory of Rome.
Before the dawn,
Far across the sea,
The story of Actium begins.
I await my redemption,
Extend me your helping hand.
Bring me salvation,
Escort me to the shores of ancient (lands).
Calling...
I'm calling you,
Try, to ease my pain!
Erase the sins I've made,
Oh gods give me mercy.
Help me find my peace,
A chance to set those spirits (free).
Wake me up from this horrible dream!
A journey of my life, a moment lost in time.
My final act, betrayal, what have I done!
Escort the souls up to the heaven's gate,
Drain my blood and let me die in shame.
A journey of my life, a moment lost in time.
My final act, betrayal, what have I done!
I stand before you, but cannot explain,
It is my weakness that conducts my fears.
A journey of my life, a moment lost in time.
My final act, betrayal, what have I done!
Escort the souls up to the heaven's gate,
Drain my blood and let me die in shame.
Die in shame,
Die in shame.
A new dawn comes, I am reborn.
A crest of life, a new beginning.
I'll close my eyes,
And dream away
I fear the dark at night
Take me there, where I belong
Open my eyes and make me strong.
I will not stop, until the day
That I'll be taken from this life.
It is the end,
They've died in vain
How can I accept this pain?
Take me there, where I belong
Open my eyes and make me strong
My final wish, before I die
Is to see that they have reached the sky.
I hear the thunder
In the sky
Let the world just pass me by