EXPOSED AGENT CONFESSION hOUSE OF KONSCIOUSNESS
"
Twelve Tribes" redirects here. For other uses, see Twelve Tribes (disambiguation).
Mosaic of the
12 Tribes of
Israel, from a synagogue wall in
Jerusalem
Tribes of Israel
1695
Eretz Israel map in
Amsterdam Haggada by
Abraham Bar-Jacob
.jpg
The
Tribes
Reuben
Simeon
Levi
Judah
Dan
Naphtali
Gad
Asher
Issachar
Zebulun
Joseph
Manasseh
Ephraim
Benjamin
Related topics
Ten Lost Tribes
Jews
Samaritans
v t e
The Israelites (/ˈɪzriəˌlaɪtsˌ/;
Hebrew: בני
ישראל Bne
Yisra'el)[1] were a
Semitic people of the
Ancient Near East, who inhabited part of
Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. [2][
3][4][5][6] and lived in the region in smaller numbers after the fall of the monarchy. The prevailing academic opinion today is that the
Israelites, who eventually evolved into the modern Jews and Samaritans, were an outgrowth of the indigenous Canaanites who had resided in the area since the
8th millennium BCE.[
7][8][9][10]
In the
Hebrew Bible, the term "Israelites" refers to the direct descendants of any of the sons of the patriarch
Jacob, or of the people called Israel, and of a worshipper of the
God of Israel,
Yahweh. In the period of the divided monarchy it referred only to inhabitants of the northern kingdom, and is only extended to cover people of the southern kingdom in post-exilic usage.[11] Other terms sometimes used include the "
Hebrews" and the "
Twelve Tribes" (of Israel).
The Jews, which include the tribes of
Judah, Benjamin, Simeon and partially Levi, are named after the southern
Israelite Kingdom of Judah. The word "Jews" is found in
Kings (16:6),
Chronicles (I, 4:18), and in numerous passages in
Jeremiah,
Zechariah and the book of
Esther.[12]
The Samaritans, whose religious texts consist of the five books of the
Samaritan Torah (but which do not contain the books comprising the
Jewish Tanakh), do not refer to themselves as Jews, although they do regard themselves as Israelites, in accordance with the Torah.
The Kingdom of Israel (
Samaria), often called the
Northern Kingdom of Israel, contained all the tribes except for the tribes of Judah and Benjamin.
Following its conquest by
Assyria, these ten tribes were allegedly dispersed and lost to history, and henceforth known as the Ten Lost Tribes.
Jewish tradition holds that Samaria was so named because the region's mountainous terrain was used to keep "Guard" (Shamer) for incoming enemy attack. According to
Samaritan tradition, however, the Samaritan ethnonym is not derived from the region of Samaria, but from the fact that they were the "
Guardians" (Shamerim) of the true Israelite religion. Thus, according to Samaritan tradition, the region was named Samaria after them, not vice versa. In Jewish Hebrew, the Samaritans are called Shomronim, while in
Samaritan Hebrew they call themselves Shamerim.
In Judaism, an Israelite is, broadly speaking, a lay member of the Jewish ethnoreligious group, as opposed to the priestly orders of Kohanim and
Levites. In texts of
Jewish law such as the Mishnah and Gemara, the term יהודי (Yehudi), meaning Jew, is rarely used, and instead the ethnonym ישראלי (Yisraeli), or Israelite, is widely used to refer to Jews. Samaritans commonly refer to themselves and Jews collectively as Israelites, and describe themselves as the Israelite Samaritans.[13][14]
Contents
1
Etymology
2 Terminology
- published: 04 May 2016
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