Mumbai , also known as
Bombay, is the capital city of the
Indian state of
Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in
India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of
Navi Mumbai and
Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an
Alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest
GDP of any city in
South, West or
Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the
Portuguese and subsequently to the
British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the
Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the
Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the
19th century. It became a strong base for the
Indian independence movement during the early
20th century. When India became independent in
1947, the city was incorporated into
Bombay State. In 1960, following the
Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in
1996, the name being derived from the Koli goddess—
Mumbadevi.
Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, it is also one of the world's top 10 centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 5% of India's GDP, and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (
Mumbai Port Trust &
JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to
India's economy. The city houses important financial institutions such as the
Reserve Bank of India, the
Bombay Stock Exchange, the
National Stock Exchange of India, the
SEBI and the corporate headquarters of numerous
Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like
BARC, NPCL, IREL,
TIFR,
AERB,
AECI, and the
Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses India's Hindi (Bollywood) and
Marathi film and television industry. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India and, in turn, make the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures.
- published: 08 Nov 2012
- views: 59840