Controller (control theory)

In control theory, a controller is a device, historically using mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electronic techniques often in combination, but more recently in the form of a microprocessor or computer, which monitors and physically alters the operating conditions of a given dynamical system. Typical applications of controllers are to hold settings for temperature, pressure, flow or speed.

Input and control variables

A system can either be described as a MIMO system, having multiple inputs and outputs, therefore requiring more than one controller; or a SISO system, consisting of a single input and single output, hence having only a single controller. Depending on the set-up of the physical (or non-physical) system, adjusting the system's input variable (assuming it is SISO) will affect the operating parameter, otherwise known as the controlled output variable. Upon receiving the error signal that marks the disparity between the desired value (setpoint) and the actual output value, the controller will then attempt to regulate controlled output behaviour. The controller achieves this by either attenuating or amplifying the input signal to the plant so that the output is returned to the setpoint. For example, a simple feedback control system, such as the one shown on the right, will generate an error signal that's mathematically depicted as the difference between the setpoint value and the output value, r-y.

Model–view–controller

Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern mostly (but not exclusively) for implementing user interfaces on computers. It divides a given software application into three interconnected parts, so as to separate internal representations of information from the ways that information is presented to or accepted from the user.

Traditionally used for desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs), this architecture has become extremely popular for designing web applications.

History

MVC was one of the seminal insights in the early development of graphical user interfaces, and one of the first approaches to describe and implement software constructs in terms of their responsibilities.

Trygve Reenskaug introduced MVC into Smalltalk-76 while visiting the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the 1970s. In the 1980s, Jim Althoff and others implemented a version of MVC for the Smalltalk-80 class library. It was only later, in a 1988 article in The Journal of Object Technology (JOT), that MVC was expressed as a general concept.

Controller 7

Controller 7 (born Tommy McMahon) is an underground hip hop producer from San Jose, California.

History

Controller 7 released the debut album Left Handed Straw in 2000. It was reissued on 6months in 2001.

He has produced and remixed tracks for Anticon artists such as Sole, Sage Francis and Themselves.

The Bumps mixtape was released in 2005.

Discography

Albums

EPs

Productions

Compilation appearances

Stroller (horse)

Stroller (1950 - 1986) was a Bay gelding who was the only pony to compete at the Olympics in Show Jumping. He stood about 14.1 hands (57 inches, 145 cm).

He was a member of the British team who competed in the 1968 Olympics in Mexico, ridden by Marion Coakes. Bill Steinkraus and Snowbound won the Gold Medal while Marion and Stroller won the Individual Silver Medal, only four faults behind Steinkraus. Stroller jumped one of the only two clear rounds in the Olympic individual championship. In 1967, Marion rode Stroller to victory in the Hickstead Derby, the only pony to have ever won this event. This partnership won the Wills Hickstead Gold Medal, for points gained in the major events during the year, for five years consecutively from 1965 to 1970. Stroller was the grand age of 20 when he won the 1970 Hamburg Derby. The pair won 61 international competitions.

He was a crossbred horse, by a Thoroughbred sire out of a Connemara pony mare. Stroller died of a heart attack at the high age 36 in 1986, after 15 years of happy retirement. He is buried at Barton-on-Sea Golf Club, New Milton, Hampshire, England.

Stroller (style)

The stroller, also known as a Stresemann, a director, or simply black lounge is a form of men's semi-formal daytime dress comprising a single- or double-breasted coat (grey or black), grey striped or checked formal trousers, a necktie (grey or silver), and a waistcoat (dove grey, funeral black, or buff). This makes it largely identical to the formal morning dress from which it is derived, with the exchange of a suit jacket for a morning coat, and the almost exclusive use of a necktie and turndown collar. The correct hat is a bowler, boater hat or Homburg.

For a semi-formal day wedding, the groom dresses in a dark-grey coat with a dove-grey or buff waistcoat; for a funeral, the mourner wears a matching black coat and waistcoat. Traditionally, in the Continent and the Commonwealth, morning dress is worn to formal day events; the stroller in the U.S. (The stroller is the daytime equivalent of the semi-formal evening dress dinner jacket or tuxedo (black tie); morning dress is the daytime equivalent of evening formal dress (white tie).) The recent trend in weddings of ambiguous formality in the United States has led to a sharp decline in the use of either formality.

Stroller (disambiguation)

Stroller may refer to:

Princess (Jam Hsiao album)

Princess (Chinese: 王妃) is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Jam Hsiao's (Chinese: 蕭敬騰) second Mandarin studio album. It was released on 17 July 2009 by Warner Music Taiwan. The album was available for pre-order, from 23 June 2009, as the Princess (First Press Limited Edition) (王妃 全�首日�榮耀�定款) which includes gifts and photobook. A further edition, Princess (Live Limited Edition) (王妃 Live 影音�定版 2CD+DVD) was released on 28 August 2009 with bonus CD and DVD containing live tracks and footage from Hsiao's Princess Live Concert Tour at Tainan, Taiwan.

The track "Say a lil something" is composed by label mate Khalil Fong and four tracks, "�男人大男孩" (Not A Boy, Not Yet A Man), "Green Door", "給愛人" (To My Beloved) and "寂寞還是你" (Lonesome for You) are composed by Hsiao. The music video for "我�會愛" (Don't Know How to Love) features Taiwanese actress Sandrine Pinna.

Reception

The album debuted at number one on Taiwan's G-Music Top 20 Weekly Mandarin and Combo Charts at week 29, and Five Music Chart at week 30 with a percentage sales of 33.1%, 22.76% and 24.45% respectively.