Canal

Canals and navigations are human-made channels for water. In the vernacular both are referred to as 'canals'. The main difference between them is that a navigation parallels a river and shares its drainage basin, while a canal cuts across a drainage divide.

Types of artificial waterways

A navigation is a series of channels that run roughly parallel to the valley and stream bed of an unimproved river. A navigation always shares the drainage basin of the river. A vessel uses the calm parts of the river itself as well as improvements, traversing the same changes in height.

A true canal is a channel that cuts across a drainage divide, making a navigable channel connecting two different drainage basins.

Most commercially important canals of the first half of the 19th-century were a little of each, using rivers in long stretches, and divide crossing canals in others. This is true for many canals still in use.

Structures used in artificial waterways

Both navigations and canals use engineered structures to improve navigation:

Canal Nou Dos

Canal Nou Dos (Valencian pronunciation: [kaˈnaɫ ˈnɔw ˈðos]) is the second channel launched by Ràdio Televisió Valenciana on 9 October 1997.

The channel was launched under the name Notícies 9, a channel dedicated to informative programmes made by RTVV. It changed its name to Punt 2 after it began to show informative, documentary and cultural, as well as sport programmes during the weekend. All programmes are in Valencian, unlike sister channel Canal Nou, which broadcasts in both Valencian and Spanish. In 2010 the channel was re-branded under its current name, Canal Nou Dos.

External links

Nou 24

Nou 24 (Valencian pronunciation: [ˈnɔw ˌvintiˈkwatɾe]) was the third channel launched by Ràdio Televisió Valenciana on 3 February 2009, under the name "24/9".

The channel was dedicated to informative programmes made by RTVV and it could be watched only in the Valencian region via digital terrestrial television. Every 30 minutes, on the hour and at half past the hour, there was an informative programme with the most important news of the day. Between theses informative programmes there also were other programmes about interviews, videos, docs etc.

All programmes were in Valencian, unlike sister channel Canal Nou, which broadcasts in Valencian and Spanish.

In 2010 the channel was renamed Canal Nou 24 and, in October 2013, as part of a group-wide rebrand, its name was shortened to Nou 24.

It was disbanded along with Canal Nou and the whole of Ràdio Televisió Valenciana just one month later after a labor force adjustment plan that sacked the 75% of the company's personnel was nullified by the National Court, making it untenable.

Television channel

A television channel is a physical or virtual channel over which a television station or television network is distributed. For example, in North America, "channel 2" refers to the broadcast or cable band of 54 to 60 MHz, with carrier frequencies of 55.25 MHz for NTSC analog video (VSB) and 59.75 MHz for analog audio (FM), or 55.31 MHz for digital ATSC (8VSB). Channels may be shared by many different television stations or cable-distributed channels depending on the location and service provider.

Depending on the multinational bandplan for a given region, analog television channels are typically 6, 7, or 8 MHz in bandwidth, and therefore television channel frequencies vary as well. Channel numbering is also different. Digital television channels are the same for legacy reasons, however through multiplexing, each physical radio frequency (RF) channel can carry several digital subchannels. On satellites, each transponder normally carries one channel, however small, independent channels can be used on each transponder, with some loss of bandwidth due to the need for guard bands between unrelated transmissions. ISDB, used in Japan and Brazil, has a similar segmented mode.