National syndicalism is an ideology combining integral nationalism with revolutionary syndicalism. National syndicalism developed in France, and then spread to Italy, Spain and Portugal.

French National syndicalism was created by the combination between the integral nationalism of Action Française and the revolutionary syndicalism of Georges Sorel. Action Française was a French nationalist-monarchist movement led by Charles Maurras. The collaboration was based on a principle that was fundamental to both doctrines – onslaught on democracy. Both movements were anti-democratic and sought the destruction of the present order of society.

In 1900, Charles Maurras declared in Action Française's newspaper that anti-democratic socialism is the "pure" and correct form of socialism. From then on, he and other members of Action Française (like Jacques Bainville, Jean Rivain, and Georges Valois) interested in Sorel's thought. They discussed the similarity between the movements in Action Française's conferences and in essays published in the movement’s newspaper, hoping to form a collaboration with revolutionary syndicalists. Such collaboration was formed in 1908 with a group of labor unions' leaders led by Émile Janvion . As a result of this collaboration, Janvion founded the journal Terre libre.