The
British colonial authority spread the rumour in the colony that one mungp
Park discovered river niger.Old tales
....the natives have lived in the banks of river niger for ages. The
Niger River is the principal river of western
Africa, extending about 4,
180 km (2,600 mi). Its drainage basin is 2,
117,700 km (817,600 sq mi) in area Its source is in the
Guinea Highlands in southeastern
Guinea. It runs in a crescent through
Mali,
Niger, on the border with
Benin and then through
Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the
Niger Delta or the
Oil Rivers, into the
Gulf of Guinea in the
Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded only by the
Nile and the
Congo River (also known as the
Zaïre River). Its main tributary is the
Benue River.
Mungo Park who was credited as being the first
Westerner to encounter the central portion of the Niger River was a
Scottish explorer of the
African continent. In 1794 Park offered his services to the
African Association, then looking for a successor to
Major Daniel Houghton, who had been sent in 1790 to discover the course of the Niger River and had died in the
Sahara. Supported by
Sir Joseph Banks, Park was selected.
On 21 June 1795, he reached the
Gambia River and ascended it
200 miles to a
British trading station named Pisania. On
2 December, accompanied by two local guides, he started for the unknown interior. He chose the route crossing the upper
Senegal basin and through the semi-desert region of Kaarta. The journey was full of difficulties, and at Ludamar he was imprisoned by a
Moorish chief for four months. On 1 July 1796, he escaped, alone and with nothing but his horse and a pocket compass, and on the
21st reached the long-sought Niger River at
Ségou, being the first
European to do so. He followed the river downstream 80 miles to
Silla, where he was obliged to turn back, lacking the resources to go further.[
4][5]
On his return journey, begun on 30 July, he took a route more to the south than that originally followed, keeping close to the Niger as far as
Bamako, thus tracing its course for some
300 miles. At
Kamalia he fell ill, and owed his life to the kindness of a man in whose house he lived for seven months.
Eventually he reached Pisania again on 10 June 1797, returning to
Scotland by way of Antigua on
22 December. He had been thought dead, and his return home with news of the discovery of the Niger River evoked great public enthusiasm. An account of his journey was drawn up for the African Association by
Bryan Edwards, and his own detailed narrative appeared in 1799 (
Travels in the Interior of Africa). It was extremely popular and is available in
Project Gutenberg.[6]
His book, Travels in the interior districts of Africa, was a success because it detailed what he observed, what he survived, and the people he encountered. His honest descriptions set a standard for future travel writers to follow. This gave
Europeans a glimpse of what Africa was really like. Park introduced them to a vast, unexplored continent. After Park's death public and political interest in Africa began to increase. He had proved that Africa could be explored.
Perhaps the most lasting effect of Park's travels, though, was their influence on European governments.
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- published: 30 Jan 2013
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