- published: 17 Apr 2014
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The Orange Institution (more commonly known as the Orange Order, the Orange Lodge, or the Orangemen) is a Protestant fraternal organisation based mainly in Northern Ireland and Scotland, though it has lodges throughout the Commonwealth and United States. The Institution was founded in 1796 near the village of Loughgall in County Armagh, Ireland. Its name is a tribute to Dutch-born Protestant William of Orange, who defeated the army of Catholic James II at the Battle of the Boyne (1690). William and James were both grandsons of the beheaded Charles Stuart, canonized by the Anglican church as Saint Charles the Martyr. As much a Stuart as Bonnie Prince Charlie, William III was co-monarch with Mary II, his first cousin, daughter of King James whom they deposed. By the new 2012 accession rules, he would have ranked ahead of James, his uncle and father-in-law, for the Crown, being the son of James' older sister, Mary the Princess Royal.
Politically, the Orange Institution is strongly linked to unionism. Critics have accused the Institution of being sectarian, triumphalist and supremacist. Catholics, and those whose close relatives are Catholic, are banned from becoming members.Non-creedal and non-trinitarian denominations (such as members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Unitarians and some branches of Quakers) are also ineligible for membership, although these denominations do not have large congregations where most Orange lodges are found.
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