- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 293516
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) has been in use since 1991, but HTML 4.0 (December 1997) was the first standardized version where international characters were given reasonably complete treatment. When an HTML document includes special characters outside the range of seven-bit ASCII two goals are worth considering: the information's integrity, and universal browser display.
There are several ways to specify which character encoding is used in the document. First, the web server can include the character encoding or "charset
" in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Content-Type
header, which would typically look like this:
This method gives the HTTP server a convenient way to alter document's encoding according to content negotiation, and advanced HTTPd software really can do it, for example Apache module mod_charset_lite.
For HTML it is possible to include this information inside the head
element near the top of the document: <source lang=html4strict> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> </source>
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