Name	Jixi
Settlement type	Prefecture-level city
Native name
Official name	鸡西市
Map caption	Jixi (red) in Heilongjiang province (orange) and China
Coordinates region	CN
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	China
Subdivision type1	Province
Subdivision name1	Heilongjiang
Class	Prefecture-level city
Admini division code	230300
Divisions	6 Districts、2 County-level cities、1 County
Location	Jiguan District
Neighbor	Primorskiy Krai、Mudanjiang、Qitaihe、Shuangyashan
Leader title	mayor
Leader name	Zhu Deyi (朱德义)
Leader title1	secretary of a municipal committee of the CPC
Leader name1	Wang Zhaoli(王兆力)
Established title	established time
Established date	1957.03.07
Area total km2	22351
Area urban km2	2234
Area metro km2	79.2
Population as of	2011
Population total	1,862,161
Population density km2	86.1
Population metro	740,500
Population urban	897,600
Timezone	China standard time
Utc offset	+8
Elevation footnotes
Postal code type	zipcode
Postal code	158100
Area code	0467
Website	http://www.jixi.gov.cn/
Footnotes	}}

Jixi ( ;Russian:Цзиси)is a city with a metro-population of 740,500 in the east of Heilongjiang district in the People's Republic of China. Jixi is on Muling River about 30 km from the border with Russia and 120 km from Khanka Lake. The mayor of Jixi is Zhu Deyi (朱德义) since July 2009. The area is one of the important coal mining base in China. A crater on asteroid 253 Mathilde was named after the city. In 2010 the city had a GDP of RMB 41.3 billion with a 15% growth rate.

Administrative divisions and population

List of Districts and zones in Jixi

The prefecture-level city of Jixi has direct jurisdiction over 6 districts (区 qu), 2 county-level cities (市 shi) and 1 county (县 xian):

! #	! Name	! Hanzi	! Hanyu Pinyin	! Population (2003 est.)	! Area (km²)	! Density (/km²)
1	Jiguan District	鸡冠区	Jīguān Qū	331,814	144	2,292
2	Hengshan District	恒山区	Héngshān Qū	173,545	587	307
3	Didao District	滴道区	Dīdào Qū	117,735	515	233
4	Lishu District	梨树区	Líshù Qū	89,025	396	227
5	Chengzihe District	城子河区	Chéngzǐhé Qū	140,885	181	829
6	Mashan District	麻山区	Máshān Qū	36,624	411	97
7		虎林市	Hǔlín Shì	293,760	9,329	32
8		密山市	Mìshān Shì	432,229	7,724	56
9	Jidong County	鸡东县	Jīdōng Xiàn	295,415	3,753	80

Nationality

The 2000 national survey ethnic composition proportion

! Nationality	! Population	! Ratio
Han Chinese	1,852,345	95.19%
	50,580	2.6%
Manchu	33,512	1.7%
Mongol	4,184	0.22%
	3,270	0.17%
	408	0.02%
Xibe	356	0.02%
	308	0.02%
	229	0.01%
Else	865	0.05%

History

Ancient times

Jixi was a nomadic area of the Jurchen and Goguryeo people. During the Tang Dynasty, Jixi was under the control of the Balhae. As the Manchu conquered the territories occupied by the Ming Dynasty in 1644, the basin of the Amur River was blocked in order to protect the Manchu people's place of origin. In this period, the population of the Jixi region experienced a sharp decrease. In 1662, the Kangxi Emperor set Ninguta General to dominate the territory. As a large number of people engaged in reclaiming wasteland and collecting ginseng, Jixi and the whole Ussuri River basin became the base of medicinal materials gradually.

Modern times

In 1895,the Qing government forsook the policy of blockading on the Northeast region of China.A large number of people migrated into Manchuria. In 1908,the Qing government set up Mishan Prefecture including Jixi territory. Coal resources was discovered constantly in Jixi during this period. In September 1914,a merchant named Yuan Dazhang from Mukden was approved to set up the Mixi Colliery Company,which represents the regular production of coal in Jixi. In January 1924,a Russian merchant named L.S.Skidelsky and the government of Jilin province contracted to set up Muling Colliery. The output of Muling Colliery has reached 1.6 million tons in 1931. In 1933,the Jixi region became a colony of the Japanese. on December 15, 1935,Jixi Railway Station's construction was completed by South Manchuria Railway(SMR). On September 1, 1941,the Manchukuo government set up Jining County in Jixi territory, the first leader of the county was Kubota Toyo. The Japanese settlers totally slaughtered more than 100 thousand miners in Jixi mining area. On August 9, 1945,Tomi Oiichirou,the conductor of Didao Colliery,ordered to destroy the coalpits in Hengshan, Didao and Muling as the Soviet Army closed in.

Modern era

On August 12, 1945, the Soviet Army captured Jining County, and the Military Headquarter commanded the Jixi mining area to resume production. On October 18, 1947, Jixi Mining Bereau was founded in order to control the collieries and the coal mining machinery in Jixi territory. On July 30, 1949, the Northeast Executive Committee allowed Jining County to change its name to Jixi County, which was administered by Songjiang Province. On June 19, 1954, Jixi County was administered by Heilongjiang Province as the Songjiang Province was discharged.

By 1956, the population of Jixi had reached 234,154, and the output of coal rose to 5 million tons per year. On December 18, 1956, the State Council of China decided to set up Jixi City (Prefectural-Level) instead of Jixi County, administering 5 districts including Jiguan, Didao, Mashan, Hengshan and Lishu. On March 7, Jixi City was formally founded. In 1970, Chengzihe District was founded. In 1983, Jidong County was put under Jixi's administration. The coal-mining industry was developing rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s. By 1991, the total coal output of Jixi ranked second in the Chinese Mainland. In the 1990s, Mishan and Hulin were incorporated into Jixi's administration. Jixi has reached its current domain.

Geography

Topography

Jixi is located at the southern edge of the Sanjiang or Three Rivers Plain. Much of the prefecture area sits within the conjunction region between Baekdu Mountain and the Wandashan Mountains. The total area of the prefecture is 。. Within its borders, Khanka Lake is the largest lake with an area of , while the Muling River and the Ussuri River are the largest rivers in the prefecture.

Mineral resources

Jixi is estimated to have about 8 billion tonnes of coal reserves. The graphite reserves of Jixi is about 0.78 billion tonnes, ranking 1st in all of Asia. The reserves of sillimanite and marble are also rich.

Climate

Jixi has a monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dwa/Dwb''), with bitter but dry winters, and warm, humid summers. However, due to the relative proximity to the Sea of Japan, summer is comparatively cool and refreshing. Monthly averages range from in January to in July, with an annual mean of . Sunny weather dominates year-round, even in summer, where most of the year's precipitation occurs.

Metric first	Y
Single line	Y
Location	Jixi (1971−2000)
Jan high c	−10.7
Feb high c	−6.1
Mar high c	2.3
Apr high c	12.8
May high c	20.2
Jun high c	24.5
Jul high c	27.3
Aug high c	25.9
Sep high c	20.5
Oct high c	12.0
Nov high c	0.6
Dec high c	−8.4
Year high c	10.1
Jan low c	−21.0
Feb low c	−17.4
Mar low c	−9.1
Apr low c	0.3
May low c	7.0
Jun low c	13.2
Jul low c	17.1
Aug low c	15.8
Sep low c	8.5
Oct low c	0.3
Nov low c	−9.6
Dec low c	−17.9
Year low c	−1.1
Jan low f	−5.8
Dec low f	−0.2
Jan precipitation mm	4.5
Feb precipitation mm	6.0
Mar precipitation mm	8.6
Apr precipitation mm	22.0
May precipitation mm	52.5
Jun precipitation mm	93.5
Jul precipitation mm	126.5
Aug precipitation mm	109.4
Sep precipitation mm	62.8
Oct precipitation mm	37.4
Nov precipitation mm	10.6
Dec precipitation mm	8.0
Year precipitation mm	541.8
Jan sun	180.9
Feb sun	198.4
Mar sun	244.1
Apr sun	232.4
May sun	254.3
Jun sun	238.7
Jul sun	236.0
Aug sun	227.3
Sep sun	221.4
Oct sun	206.9
Nov sun	173.0
Dec sun	151.0
Year sun	2564.4
Jan humidity	64
Feb humidity	60
Mar humidity	53
Apr humidity	52
May humidity	55
Jun humidity	70
Jul humidity	76
Aug humidity	78
Sep humidity	71
Oct humidity	60
Nov humidity	61
Dec humidity	65
Year humidity	63.8
Unit precipitation days	0.1 mm
Jan precipitation days	5.3
Feb precipitation days	5.8
Mar precipitation days	5.9
Apr precipitation days	8.7
May precipitation days	13.0
Jun precipitation days	15.8
Jul precipitation days	14.6
Aug precipitation days	13.0
Sep precipitation days	10.9
Oct precipitation days	8.8
Nov precipitation days	6.8
Dec precipitation days	6.9
Year precipitation days	115.5
Source	China Meteorological Administration }}

Transportation

Railway

In Jixi Railway Station, there are multiple daily departures to other cities in Heilongjiang such as Mudanjiang, Harbin, as well as Beijing.

Highway

Jixi is linked to the national highway network through the Hegang-Dalian Expressway, the Fangzheng-Hulin Highway and the busiest section in the city, the Jixi-Hulin-Jiansanjiang Expressway. This section connects the four major districts in Jixi including Jiguan Distinct,Jidong,Mishan and Hulin.

Air

Jixi Khanka-Lake Airport (simplified Chinese: 鸡西兴凯湖机场; traditional Chinese:雞西興凱湖機場) opened in 2009 and serves as the main civilian airport for Jixi. It takes about 30 minutes to reach downtown from the airport. Domestic flights are available to several cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Qingdao.

Economy

GDP and economic data

Statistically, Jixi achieved a GDP of RMB35.3 billion in 2009, having increased twofold over 5 years. Primary industry output increased by 9 percent to RMB9.42 billion. Secondary industry output experienced an increase of 21.4 percent, reaching RMB13.8 billion, while the tertiary industry output increased 10.3 percent to RMB12.1 billion.

General situation

The economy of Jixi is mainly constructed round rich coal resources. Coal chemical industry, steel-making and machinofacturing are predominant. environmental protection industry, agriculture and tourist industry are also developing rapidly in recent years. However, Coal Economics still accounts for the main part of the entire economy system.

Cyclic economy

As early as in the “Eighth Five-Year” period, people in Jixi became aware of non-renewable resources, but the coal industry is the main pillar of the economy, so people began to consider the coal resources in deep-processing problems. Coal deep processing has been done to make full use of coal resources, so that any production of waste generated are turning waste into treasure, thus greatly improving the resource utilization, truly resource recycling.

Tourism

Jixi is leading a ecotourism brand relying on its rich biological and human recources. According to the terretorial characteristics of each scenic spots, the Jixi scenic spot can be broadly divided into three parts : Urban tourist congregation district， Khanka Lake Scenic Spot and Ussuri River Scenic Spot.

Khanka Lake

Khanka Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeast Asia. In Manchu language, The name "Khanka" means the water flowing down from a higher to a lower place. Located on the border between Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China and Primorsky Krai , Russia, it is composed of one large lake and a small one which are divided by a sandy hill. In 1996, Jiang Zemin , the Secretary General of China and Russian President Boris Yeltsin subscribed the Sino-Russia Agreement on Khanka Lake Environmental Protection and Khanka Lake became a Nature Reserve protected by our government and Russian government.

Ussuri River

Ussuri River is a largest tributary of Amur River(Heilongjiang River) on its right and an important boundary river between China and Russia. The length of Ussuri River is 905 km, with drainage area of 187,000 km2. The river goes through the valley between the Wandashan Mountains in China and the Sichote-Alin in Russia. Its beauty and natural landscapes are incomparable in China and it is among the few unpolluted rivers in China.

Zhenbao Island

Zhenbao Island stands for the Island of Treasure in Chinese Language. On March 2, 1969, Sino-Soviet Zhenbao Island took place successively in large-scale armed conflict, which is a contradiction between the long-term friction between the Soviet Union by the Soviet side provoked a collision point. Now it has become a Nature Reserve and a National Forest Park.

Special Diet

Jixi Region was one of the settlements of Korean inhabitants in Northeast China.Cold Noodle(Naengmyeon in Korean,Leng Mian in Chinese),the traditional special flavor food of Korean,has expanded its range of raw material selection after decades of development and innovation in Jixi.With the fusion of Korean and Northeastern Chinese diet flavor,a special kind of Naengmyeon culture is formed.Eating Cold Noodle means eating both the original noodle and the "Cold Noodle Dish"(Leng Mian Cai in Chinese language,which means several kinds of side dishes) in Jixi.Buckwheat and Wheat are chosen to cook the Cold Noodle,and the taste of the Cold Noodle soup is chilly.And the Cold Noodle Dish includes Dried bean curd, Campanulaceae, beans soak, sea Campanulaceae, Pollack and so on.All of them are spicy, fragrant, fresh.Besides,there are also Korean-style dog meat and fish-kettle.

Sister cities

Domestic

Shiyan, Hubei

Zhaoqing, Guangdong

Xiamen, Fujian

Changsha, Hunan

Anshan, Liaoning

International

Lesozavodsk, Russia

References

The History of Jixi Mining Bereau(Chinese:鸡西矿务局志),1985

The History of Jixi City(Chinese:鸡西市志),1979

鸡西市国民经济和社会发展统计公报，2009

Khanka Lake,Jixi Attraction,Jixi Tourism,www.3dtourchina.com

Khanka Lake - the Largest Freshwater Lake in Northeast Asia,www.foreignercn.com

External links

Jixi Government website

Category:Cities in Heilongjiang

da:Jixi (Heilongjiang) de:Jixi es:Jixi eu:Jixi fr:Jixi ko:지시 시 id:Jixi it:Jixi nl:Jixi ja:鶏西市 no:Jixi (Heilongjiang) pl:Jixi pt:Jixi ru:Цзиси fi:Jixi tl:Jixi vi:Kê Tây war:Jixi zh:鸡西市

Precious Bryant (born Precious Bussey, January 4, 1942, Talbot County, Georgia) is an American country blues, gospel, and folk musician. She plays Piedmont fingerstyle guitar.

She has released two solo albums to date. Her 2002 debut, ''Fool Me Good,'' was nominated for two Blues Music Awards — in the categories of 'Acoustic Blues Album of the Year' and 'Best New Artist Debut'. In 2006 she was nominated for another similar award for 'Traditional Blues Female Artist of the Year', and was up against Koko Taylor, Maria Muldaur and Etta James, the last of whom won.

Discography

''Fool Me Good'' (2002)

''The Truth'' (2005)

References

External links

Category:1942 births Category:Living people Category:American blues musicians Category:American country musicians Category:American folk musicians Category:American female guitarists Category:People from Talbot County, Georgia Category:Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)