Epenthesis

Sound Change - Phonological Rules, Rule Orders & Relative Chronology (part 5 of 5)

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• published: 17 Jan 2013
• views: 15145

How do sounds change over time in language? This series explores the basics of phonological change in the history of world languages. The last four videos in this series introduced a litany of sound change types. This video ties those changes together with an exploration of how linguists represent any sound change - as a phonological rule. Phonological rules state how sounds change in a language. They list the sound that changes, the sound it turns into, and the environment in which that change takes place. For example: s → z / V_V (/s/ becomes [z] between two vowels) "Sound law" (also "sound shift") is a traditional term for a rule or group of rules that applied in the history of a given language or language family. Specific laws are given a proper name, like Grimm's Law or Katupha's Law. The order of rules also matters. We can establish a relative chronology if we manage to establish that one rule must have taken place before another. This lesson covers four rule orders: - Feeding order - Counterfeeding order - Bleeding order - Counterbleeding order This series builds on previous material, specifically (1) nativlang's IPA lessons and (2) nativlang's historical linguistics lessons: (1) http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL790D33882C5EF41A (2) http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD11358A8871F8587 Visit the website for a text version of these and other lessons: http://www.nativlang.com/linguistics/historical-sound-changes.php music by Audionautix and Kevin MacLeod