Battle of Saipan, Marianas Islands 1944 (1949) US Army; Pacific Island Hopping, World War II
more at
http://quickfound.net/links/military_news_and_links
.html
"INVASION OF SAIPAN IN MARIANAS GROUP IN JUNE
1944 BY 2D AND 4TH MARINE DIVISIONS AND 27TH ARMY DIVISION."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts.
US Army Film HR-A-10
Public domain film from the
National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saipan
The Battle of
Saipan was a battle of the
Pacific campaign of
World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the
Mariana Islands from 15 June -- 9 July 1944.
The Allied invasion fleet embarking the expeditionary forces left
Pearl Harbor on
5 June 1944, the day before
Operation Overlord in
Europe was launched.
The U.S. 2nd Marine Division,
4th Marine Division, and
27th Infantry Division, commanded by
Lieutenant General Holland Smith, defeated the
43rd Division of the
Imperial Japanese Army, commanded by Lieutenant General
Yoshitsugu Saito.
In the campaigns of 1943 and the first half of 1944, the
Allies had captured the
Solomon Islands, the
Gilbert Islands, the
Marshall Islands and the
Papuan peninsula of
New Guinea. This left the
Japanese holding the
Philippines, the
Caroline Islands,
Palau Islands and Mariana Islands.
It had always been the intention of the
American planners to bypass the Carolines and
Palaus and to seize the
Marianas and
Taiwan. From these latter bases communications between the Japanese homeland and Japanese forces to the south and west could be cut. In addition, from the Marianas
Japan would be well within the range of an air offensive relying on the new
B-29 Superfortress long-range bomber with its operational radius of 1,
500 mi (2,400 km).
While not part of the original
American plan,
Douglas MacArthur, commander of the
Southwest Pacific Area command, obtained authorization to advance through New Guinea and Morotai toward the Philippines. This allowed MacArthur to keep his personal pledge, made in his "
I shall return" speech, to liberate the Philippines, and also allowed the active use of the large forces built up in the southwest
Pacific theatre. The Japanese, expecting an attack somewhere on their perimeter, thought an attack on the Caroline Islands most likely. To reinforce and supply their garrisons, they needed naval and air superiority, so
Operation A-Go, a major carrier attack, was prepared for June 1944.
Bombardment of Saipan began on 13 June 1944.
Fifteen battleships were involved, and 165,
000 shells were fired. Seven modern fast battleships delivered twenty-four hundred 16 in (410 mm) shells, but to avoid potential minefields, fire was from a distance of 10,000 yd (9,
100 m) or more, and crews were inexperienced in shore bombardment.
The following day the eight pre-Pearl
Harbor battleships and eleven cruisers under
Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf replaced the fast battleships but were lacking in time and ammunition.
The landings began at 07:00 on 15 June 1944. More than
300 LVTs landed 8,000
Marines on the west coast of Saipan by about 09:00.
Eleven fire support ships covered the
Marine landings. The naval force consisted of the battleships
USS Tennessee and
California. The cruisers were
USS Birmingham and
Indianapolis... by nightfall the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions had a beachhead about 6 mi (9.7 km) wide and .5 mi (0.
8 km) deep. The Japanese counter-attacked at night but were repulsed with heavy losses. On 16 June, units of the
U.S. Army's 27th Infantry Division landed and advanced on the airfield at Ås
Lito (which is now the location of
Saipan International Airport).
Again the Japanese counter-attacked at night. On 18 June, Saito abandoned the airfield.
The invasion surprised the Japanese high command, which had been expecting an attack further south.
Admiral Toyoda Soemu, commander-in-chief of the
Japanese Navy, saw an opportunity to use the A-Go force to attack the
U.S. Navy forces around Saipan. On 15 June, he gave the order to attack. But the resulting battle of the
Philippine Sea was a disaster for the
Imperial Japanese Navy, which lost three aircraft carriers and hundreds of planes. The garrisons of the Marianas would have no hope of resupply or reinforcement...
By 16:15 on 9 July,
Admiral Turner announced that Saipan was officially secured...
In the end, almost the entire garrison of troops on the island—at least 30,000—died. For the
Americans, the victory was the most costly to date in the
Pacific War. 2,949 Americans were killed and 10,464 wounded, out of 71,000 who landed...