Maasai people in
Kenya - Kenya
Culture - Kenya
Tourism & Vacations
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The Maasai are a
Nilotic ethnic group of semi-nomadic people inhabiting southern Kenya and northern
Tanzania. They are among the best known local populations due to their residence near the many game parks of the
African Great Lakes, and their distinctive customs and dress. The Maasai speak Maa (ɔl Maa), a member of the
Nilo-Saharan language family that is related to
Dinka and Nuer. They are also educated in the official languages of Kenya and Tanzania,
Swahili and
English. The Maasai population has been reported as numbering 841,622 in Kenya in the 2009 census, compared to 377,089 in the
1989 census.
The
Tanzanian and
Kenyan governments have instituted programs to encourage the Maasai to abandon their traditional semi-nomadic lifestyle, but the people have continued their age-old customs.
Recently, Oxfam has claimed that the lifestyle of the Maasai should be embraced as a response to climate change because of their ability to farm in deserts and scrublands. Many Maasai tribes throughout Tanzania and Kenya welcome visits to their village to experience their culture, traditions, and lifestyle.
Culture
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Maasai society is strongly patriarchal in nature, with elder men, sometimes joined by retired elders, deciding most major matters for each Maasai group. A full body of oral law covers many aspects of behavior. Formal execution is unknown, and normally payment in cattle will settle matters. An out-of-court process is also practiced called 'amitu', 'to make
peace', or 'arop', which involves a substantial apology
.[30] The Maasai are monotheistic, worshipping a single deity called Enkai or Engai. Engai has a dual nature: Engai
Narok (
Black God) is benevolent, and Engai Nanyokie (Red God) is vengeful.
The "Mountain of God",
Ol Doinyo Lengai, is located in northernmost Tanzania. The central human figure in the Maasai religious system is the laibon whose roles include shamanistic healing, divination and prophecy, and ensuring success in war or adequate rainfall.
Whatever power an individual laibon had was a
function of personality rather than position. Many Maasai have also adopted
Christianity. The Maasai are known for their intricate jewelry.
A high infant mortality rate among the Maasai has led to babies not truly being recognized until they reach an age of 3 moons, ilapaitin.[33] For Maasai living a traditional life, the end of life is virtually without ceremony, and the dead are left out for scavengers.[34] A corpse rejected by scavengers (mainly spotted hyenas, which are known as Ondilili or Oln'gojine in the
Maasai language) is seen as having something wrong with it, and liable to cause social disgrace; therefore, it is not uncommon for bodies to be covered in fat and blood from a slaughtered ox.
Burial has in the past been reserved for great chiefs, since it is believed to be harmful to the soil.
Traditional Maasai lifestyle centres around their cattle which constitute their primary source of food.
The measure of a man's wealth is in terms of cattle and children. A herd of 50 cattle is respectable, and the more children the better.
A man who has plenty of one but not the other is considered to be poor. A Maasai religious belief relates that God gave them all the cattle on earth, leading to the belief that rustling cattle from other tribes is a matter of taking back what is rightfully theirs, a practice that has become much less common.[38]
All of the Maasai’s needs for food are met by their cattle. They eat the meat, drink the milk and on occasion, drink the blood. Bulls, oxen and lambs are slaughtered for meat on special occasions and for ceremonies. [Though] the Maasai’s entire way of life has historically depended on their cattle
... more recently, with their cattle dwindling, the Maasai have grown dependent on food such as sorghum, rice, potatoes and cabbage (known to the Maasai as goat leaves).
The men in the Maasai tribe are born and raised to be warriors. They don‘t marry when they are young but instead they stay in the woods.[citation needed] This is the reason[original research?] why there is a great age
difference between husbands and their wives, because they are not allowed to marry until they are older (when they have become "elders“) while the women marry when they are young.
- published: 14 Feb 2015
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