name	SWIG
logo
screenshot
author	Dave Beazley
developer	SWIG developers
released	February 1996
latest release version	2.0.4
latest release date
latest preview date
programming language	C, C++
operating system	Cross-platform
license	GPL
website	}}

SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) is an open source software tool used to connect computer programs or libraries written in C or C++ with scripting languages such as Lua, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Ruby, Tcl, and other languages like C#, Java, Modula-3, Objective Caml, Octave, and Scheme. Output can also be in the form of XML or Lisp S-expressions.

Function

The aim is to allow calling native functions (C or C++) by interpreted code, passing complex data types, keeping memory from being freed, inheriting classes across languages etc. The programmer writes an interface file containing a list of C/C++ functions to be visible to an interpreter. SWIG will compile the interface file into a regular C/C++. SWIG will generate conversion code for functions with simple arguments; conversion code for complex types of arguments has to be written by programmer. SWIG tool creates source code which provides the glue between C/C++ and the target language. Depending on the language, this glue comes in two forms:

a shared library that an extant interpreter can link to as some form of extension module, or

a shared library that can be linked to other programs compiled in the target language (for example, using JNI in Java).

SWIG is not used for calling interpreted functions by native code; this has to be done by the programmer manually.

Purpose

There are two main reasons to embed a scripting engine in an extant C/C++ program:

The program can then be customized far faster, via a scripting language instead of C/C++. The scripting engine may even be exposed to the end user, so that they can automate common tasks by writing scripts.

Even if the final product is not to contain the scripting engine, it may nevertheless be very useful for writing test scripts.

There are several reasons to create dynamic libraries that can be loaded into extant interpreters, including:

Provide access to a C/C++ library which has no equivalent in the scripting language.

Write the whole program in the scripting language first, and after profiling, rewrite performance critical code in C or C++.

Unit testing of C or C++ code is often better done from a scripting language.

History

SWIG is written in C and C++ and has been publicly available since February 1996. The initial author and main developer was Dave Beazley who developed SWIG while working as a graduate student at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of Utah and while on the faculty at the University of Chicago. Development is currently supported by an active group of volunteers led by William Fulton. SWIG has been released under a GNU General Public License.

Concurrents

For Python, similar functionality is offered by SIP.

See also

Language binding

Foreign function interface

Calling convention

Name mangling

Application programming interface - API

Application Binary Interface - ABI

Comparison of application virtual machines

Wrapper function

References

External links

Project home page at SourceForge

SwigWiki, Wiki with information on using SWIG

Article "Expose Your C/C++ Program's Internal API with a Quick SWIG" by Victor Volkman

Article "Python Extensions In C++ Using SWIG" by Michael Fötsch

Presentation "Application overview for openSUSE" by Klaus Kämpf

Citations from CiteSeer

Category:Computer programming tools Category:Free computer programming tools Category:Scripting languages Category:Cross-platform software

de:SWIG fr:SWIG ja:SWIG pl:SWIG ru:SWIG

name	Beatrice Arthur
birth name	Bernice Frankel
birth date	May 13, 1922
Death date
birth place	New York City, New York, U.S.
death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
death cause	Cancer
religion	Jewish
occupation	Actress, comedienne, singer, activist
spouse	Robert Alan Aurthur (divorced)Gene Saks (1950–1978; divorced; 2 sons)
years active	1947–2008}}

Beatrice "Bea" Arthur (May 13, 1922 – April 25, 2009) was an American actress, comedienne and singer whose career spanned seven decades. Arthur achieved fame as the character Maude Findlay on the 1970s sitcoms ''All in the Family'' and ''Maude'', and as Dorothy Zbornak on the 1980s sitcom ''The Golden Girls'', winning Emmy Awards for both roles. A stage actress both before and after her television success, she won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Vera Charles in the original cast of ''Mame'' (1966).

Early life

Arthur was born Bernice Frankel to Jewish parents Philip and Rebecca Frankel in New York City on May 13, 1922. In 1933 her family moved to Cambridge, Maryland, where her parents operated a women's clothing shop. She attended Linden Hall School for Girls, an all girls boarding school in Lititz, Pennsylvania, before enrolling in the now-defunct Blackstone College for Girls in Blackstone, Virginia, where she was active in drama productions. During World War II she served 30 months in the Marine Corps, where she was one of the first members of the Women’s Reserve and spent time as a typist and a truck driver despite publicly denying any military service. When she enlisted, Arthur was described as "argumentative and "over-aggressive." The recruitment officer concluded, however, that she is: "Officious—but probably a good worker—if she has her own way!"

Career

Theater

From 1947, Bea Arthur studied at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York with German director Erwin Piscator. Arthur began her acting career as a member of an off Broadway theater group at the Cherry Lane Theatre in New York City in the late 1940s. On stage, her roles included Lucy Brown in the 1954 Off-Broadway premiere of Marc Blitzstein's English-language adaptation of Kurt Weill's ''Threepenny Opera'', Yente the Matchmaker in the 1964 premiere of ''Fiddler on the Roof'' on Broadway, and a 1966 Tony Award-winning portrayal of Vera Charles to Angela Lansbury's ''Mame''. She reprised the role in the 1974 film version opposite Lucille Ball. In 1981, she appeared in Woody Allen's ''The Floating Light Bulb''. She made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in 1994 portraying the Duchess of Krakenthorp, a speaking role, in Gaetano Donizetti's ''La fille du régiment''.

Television

In 1971, Arthur was invited by Norman Lear to guest-star on his sitcom ''All in the Family'', as Maude Findlay, the cousin of Edith Bunker. An outspoken liberal feminist, Maude was the antithesis to the bigoted, conservative Archie Bunker, who decried her as a "New Deal fanatic". Then nearly 50, Arthur's tart turn appealed to viewers and to executives at CBS, who, she would later recall, asked "'Who is that girl? Let's give her her own series.'"

That show, previewed in her second ''All in the Family'' appearance, would be simply titled ''Maude''. The show, debuting in 1972, would find her living in the affluent community of Tuckahoe, Westchester County, New York, with her fourth husband Walter (Bill Macy) and divorced daughter Carol (Adrienne Barbeau). Her performance in the role garnered Arthur several Emmy and Golden Globe nominations, including her Emmy win in 1977 for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.

It would also earn a place for her in the history of the women's liberation movement. The groundbreaking series didn't shirk from addressing serious sociopolitical topics of the era that were fairly taboo for a sitcom, from the Vietnam War, the Nixon Administration and Maude's bid for a Congressional seat to divorce, menopause, drug use, alcoholism, nervous breakdown and spousal abuse. A prime example is "Maude's Dilemma", a two-part episode airing near Thanksgiving of 1972 in which Maude's character grapples with a late-life pregnancy, ultimately deciding to have an abortion.

Even though abortion was legal in New York State, it was illegal in many other regions of the country, and as such sparked controversy. As a result, dozens of affiliates refused to broadcast the episode when it was originally scheduled, substituting either a repeat from earlier in the season or a Thanksgiving TV special in its' place. However, by the time of the summer rerun season six months later, all the flak had died down by then, and the stations that refused to air the episode upon its' first run, reinstated it for the reruns the following summer. As a result, a reported 65 million viewers watched the two episode arc either in their first run that November or during the following summer as a re-run.

As the episode aired two months before the U.S. Supreme Court legalized the procedure nationwide in the Roe v. Wade outcome in early 1973, it was said to have had influence on the Supreme Court Jusrices' decision. By 1978, however, Arthur decided to move on from the series.

That year, she costarred in ''The Star Wars Holiday Special'', in which she had a song and dance routine in the Mos Eisley Cantina. She hosted ''The Beatrice Arthur Special'' on CBS on January 19, 1980, which paired the star in a musical comedy revue with Rock Hudson, Melba Moore and Wayland Flowers and Madame. After appearing in the short-lived 1983 sitcom ''Amanda's'' (an adaptation of the British series ''Fawlty Towers''), Arthur was cast in the sitcom ''The Golden Girls'' in 1985, in which she played Dorothy Zbornak, a divorced substitute teacher living in a Miami house owned by Blanche Devereaux (Rue McClanahan). Her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund (Betty White) and Dorothy's Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty). Getty was actually a year younger than Arthur in real life, and was heavily made up to look significantly older. The series became a hit, and remained a top-ten ratings fixture for seven seasons. Her performance led to several Emmy nominations over the course of the series and an Emmy win in 1988. During the series run, Arthur became an LGBT icon. Arthur decided to leave the show after seven years, and in 1992 the show was moved from NBC to CBS and retooled as ''The Golden Palace'' in which the other three actresses reprised their roles. Arthur made a guest appearance in a two-part episode.

Film

Arthur also sporadically appeared in films, reprising her stage role as Vera Charles in the 1974 film adaption of ''Mame'', opposite Lucille Ball. Additionally, Arthur portrayed overbearing mother Bea Vecchio in ''Lovers and Other Strangers'' (1970), and had a cameo as a Roman unemployment clerk in Mel Brooks' ''History of the World, Part 1'' (1981).

Later career

After Arthur left ''The Golden Girls'', she made several guest appearances on television shows and organized and toured in her one-woman show, alternately titled ''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' and ''And Then There's Bea''. She made a guest appearance on the American cartoon ''Futurama'', in the Emmy-nominated 2001 episode "Amazon Women in the Mood", as the voice of the Femputer who ruled the giant Amazonian women. She also appeared in an episode of ''Malcolm in the Middle'' as Mrs. White, Dewey's babysitter, in a first-season episode. She was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her performance. She also appeared as Larry David's mother on ''Curb Your Enthusiasm''.

In 2002, she returned to Broadway starring in ''Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends'', a collection of stories and songs (with musician Billy Goldenberg) based on her life and career. The show was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Special Theatrical Event. The previous year had been the category's first, and there had been only one nominee. That year, Arthur was up against solo performances by soprano Barbara Cook, comedian John Leguizamo, and Arthur's fellow student in Piscator's program at The New School, actress Elaine Stritch, who won for ''Elaine Stritch: At Liberty''.

In addition to appearing in a number of programs looking back at her own work, Arthur performed in stage and television tributes for Jerry Herman, Bob Hope, Peggy Lee, and Ellen DeGeneres. In 2005, she participated in the Comedy Central roast of Pamela Anderson, where she recited sexually explicit passages from Anderson's book ''Star Struck'' in a deadpan fashion.

Influences

In 1999, Arthur told an interviewer of the three influences in her career: ''"Sid Caesar taught me the outrageous; [method acting guru] Lee Strasberg taught me what I call reality; and [original ''Threepenny Opera'' star] Lotte Lenya, whom I adored, taught me economy."''

Personal life and death

Arthur was married twice. Her first marriage took place during her time in the military, when she married fellow Marine Robert Alan Aurthur, a screenwriter, television, and film producer and director, whose surname she took and kept (though with a modified spelling). Shortly after they divorced, she married director Gene Saks from 1950 to 1978 with whom she adopted two sons, Matthew (born in 1961), an actor, and Daniel (born in 1964), a set designer.

In 1972, she moved to the Greater Los Angeles Area and sublet her apartment on Central Park West in New York City and her country home in Bedford, New York.

Arthur was a committed animal-rights activist and frequently supported People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals campaigns. Arthur joined PETA in 1987 after a ''Golden Girls'' anti-fur episode. Arthur wrote letters, made personal appearances and placed ads against the use of furs, foie gras, and farm animal cruelty by KFC suppliers. She appeared on ''Judge Judy'' as a witness for an animal-rights activist, and, along with Pamela Anderson insisted on a donation to PETA in exchange for appearing on Comedy Central. In Norfolk, Virginia near the site of the PETA headquarters, there is a dog park named (Bea Arthur Dog Park) in her honor.

Arthur's longtime championing of civil rights for women, the elderly, and the Jewish & LGBT communities—in her two television roles and through her charity work and personal outspokenness—has led her to be cited as an LGBT icon.

Arthur died at her home in the Greater Los Angeles Area in the early morning hours of Saturday, April 25, 2009. She had been ill from cancer, and her body was cremated after her death.

On April 28, 2009, the Broadway community paid tribute to Arthur by dimming the marquees of New York City's Broadway theater district in her memory for one minute at 8:00 P.M.

Arthur's co-stars from ''The Golden Girls'', Rue McClanahan and Betty White, commented on her death via telephone on an April 27 episode of ''Larry King Live'' as well as other news outlets such as ABC. Longtime friends Adrienne Barbeau (with whom she had worked on ''Maude'') and Angela Lansbury (with whom she had worked in ''Mame'') released amicable statements: Barbeau said, "We've lost a unique, incredible talent. No one could deliver a line or hold a take like Bea and no one was more generous or giving to her fellow performers"; and Lansbury said, "She became and has remained my Bosom Buddy [...] I am deeply saddened by her passing, but also relieved that she is released from the pain".

Arthur bequeathed $300,000 to The Ali Forney Center, a New York City organization that provides housing for homeless LGBT youths.

Awards

Arthur won the American Theatre Wing's Tony Award in 1966 as Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance that year as Vera Charles in the original Broadway production of Jerry Herman's musical ''Mame''.

Arthur has received the most nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series with 9. She later received the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences' Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series twice, once in 1977 for ''Maude'' and again in 1988 for ''The Golden Girls.'' She was inducted into the Academy's Hall of Fame in 2008.

On June 8, 2008, ''The Golden Girls'' was awarded the Pop Culture award at the Sixth Annual TV Land Awards. Arthur (in one of her final public appearances) accepted the award with co-stars Rue McClanahan and Betty White.

Trivia

The Marvel character Deadpool is obsessed with Arthur and frequently refers to her.

Television credits

''Kraft Television Theatre'' (1951–1958)

''Studio One'' (1951–1953)

''Threepenny Opera'' (1956)

''Max Liebman Presents: Kaleidoscope'' (1955)

''Caesar's Hour'' (regular performer 1954–1956)

''The Seven Lively Arts'' (1958)

''Omnibus'' (1958)

''Hallmark Hall of Fame'' (1958)

''The George Gobel Show'' (1959)

''The Perry Como Show'' (1961)

''All in the Family'' (1971 & 1972)

''Maude'' (1972–1978)

''The 45th Annual Academy Awards'' (1973)

''The Mike Douglas Show'' (1974 & 1980)

''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'' (1974–1977 ,1980, 1985, 1986, 1990)

''Dinah'' (1975 & 1976)

''Saturday Night Live'' (1976 & 1979)

''Cos'' (1976)

''Laugh-In'' (1977)

''CBS: On the Air'' (1978)

''The Star Wars Holiday Special'' (1978)

''The Mary Tyler Moore Hour'' (1979)

''The Beatrice Arthur Special'' (1980)

''Soap'' (1980)

''History of the World Part I (1981)

''Omnibus'' (1981)

''Nights of 100 Stars'' (1982)

''Broadway Plays Washington on Kennedy Center Tonight'' (1982)

''Amanda's'' (1983) (series; lasted 4 months)

''a.k.a. Pablo'' (1984)

''P.O.P.'' (1984)

''The Golden Girls'' (1985–1992)

''Circus of the Stars #10'' (1985)

''NBC 60th Anniversary Celebration'' (1986)

''Walt Disney World's 15th Birthday Celebration'' (1986)

''Late Night with David Letterman'' (1986)

''The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts'' (1986)

''The 13th Annual People's Choice Awards'' (1987)

''This is Your Life" (1987)

''The 41st Annual Tony Awards'' (1987)

''Comic Relief '87'' (1987)

''Family Comedy Hour'' (1987)

''Irving Berlin's 100th Birthday Celebration'' (1988)

''Circus of the Stars #13'' (1988)

''My First Love'' (1988) (ABC-TV Movie)

''Empty Nest'' (1989)

''Aspel & Company'' (1990)

''Night of 100 Stars III'' (1990)

''The 42nd Annual Primetime Emmy Awards'' (1990)

''Dame Edna's Hollywood'' (1991)

''The Howard Stern Show'' (1992)

''Guest Night'' (1992)

''6th Annual Americam Comedy Awards'' (1992)

''The Golden Palace'' (1992) 2 episodes

''This Joint Is Jumpin''' (1993)

''The 47th Annual Tony Awards'' (1993)

''Boulevard Bio'' (1993)

''Sean's Show'' (1993)

''Jerry Herman's Broadway at the Hollywood Bowl'' (1994)

''Bob Hope: Happy 91st Birthday, Bob'' (1994)

''50 Years of Funny Females'' (1995)

''The 50th Annual Tony Awards'' (1996)

''Dave's World'' (cast member 1996 & 1997)

''The Rosie O'Donnell Show'' (1997)

''The RuPaul Show'' (1998)

''Ellen: A Hollywood Tribute, Part 1" (1998)

''The 53rd Annual Tony Awards'' (1999)

''Beggars and Choosers'' (1999)

''The Martin Short Show'' (1999)

''So Graham Norton'' (2000)

''Intimate Portrait: Rue McClanahan'' (2000)

''Malcolm in the Middle'', "Water Park (Part 1)" (2000)

''E! True Hollywood Story: All in the Family'' (2000)

''Intimate Portrait: Estelle Getty'' (2001)

''Futurama'' as "Femputer" in the episode "Amazon Women in the Mood" (2001)

''Today'' (2001)

''The View'' (2002)

''CBS News Sunday Morning'' (2002)

''The Rosie O'Donnell Show'' (2002)

''Good Morning America'' (2002)

''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'' (2002)

''The Big O! True West Hollywood Story'' (2002)

''TV Most Censored Moments'' (2002)

''TV Tales: The Golden Girls'' (2002)

''Open Mike with Mike Bullard'' (2002)

''Because I Said So'' (2002)

''Inside TV Land: Taboo TV'' (2002)

''Intimate Portrait: Bea Arthur'' (2003)

''TV Land Awards: A Celebration of Classic TV'' (2003)

''Rove Live'' (2003)

''Through The Keyhole'' (2003)

''Broadway: The Golden Age by the Legends Who Were There'' (2003)

''The Golden Girls: Their Greatest Moments'' (2003)

''Today with Des and Mel'' (2003)

''Richard & Judy'' (2003)

''The Terry and Gaby Show'' (2003)

''The Second Annual TV Land Awards: A Celebration of Classic TV'' (2004)

''The Best of So Graham Norton'' (2004)

''Inside TV Land: Primetime Politics'' (2004)

''TV's Greatest Sidekicks'' (2004)

''Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson'' (2005)

''TV Land Confidential'' (2005)

''Curb Your Enthusiasm'' as Larry David's deceased mother on the Season 5 finale (2005)

''Entertainment Tonight'' (2006)

''Biography: Bea Arthur'' (2006)

''The View'' (2007)

''TV Land Confidential'' (2007)

''Entertainment Tonight'' (2007)

''Back to the Grind'' (2007)

''Entertainment Weekly & TV Land Present: The 50 Greatest TV Icons'' (2007)

''Entertainment Tonight'' (2008)

''The 6th Annual TV Land Awards'' (2008)

''Entertainment Tonight'' (2008)

Theater performances

''Lysistrata'' (1947)

''The Dog Beneath the Skin'' (1947)

''Yerma'' (1947)

''No Exit'' (1948)

''The Taming of the Shrew'' (1948)

''Six Characters in Search of an Author'' (1948)

''The Owl and the Pussycat'' (1948)

''Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme'' (1949)

''Yes is for a Very Young Man'' (1949)

''The Creditors'' (1949)

''Heartbreak House'' (1949)

''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' (1951)

''Personal Appearance'' (1951)

''Candle Light'' (1951)

''Love or Money'' (1951)

''The Voice of the Turtle'' (1951)

''The New Moon'' (1953)

''The Threepenny Opera'' (1954)

''What's the Rush?'' (1955)

''Shoestring Revue'' (1955)

''Plain and Fancy'' (1955)

''Seventh Heaven'' (1955)

''Mistress of the Inn'' (1956)

''Ziegfeld Follies'' (1956)

''Nature's Way'' (1957)

''Ulysses in Nighttown'' (1958)

''The Gay Divorcee at the Cherry Lane'' (1960)

''A Matter of Position'' (1962)

''Fiddler on the Roof'' (1964)

''Mame'' (1966)

''The Floating Lightbulb'' (1981)

''La Fille du Regiment'' (1994)

''Bermuda Avenue Triangle'' (1995–1996)

''Angela Lansbury – A Celebration'' (November 17, 1996) (benefit concert)

''After Play'' (1997–1998)

''Strike Up The Band'' (2000)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Westport, Connecticut (July 28–30, 2000)

''And Then There's Bea'' United States Tour (April 24, 2001 – January 13, 2002)

''Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends'' in New York, New York (January 29, 2002 – April 14, 2002)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Santa Fe, New Mexico (September 24, 2002)

''And Then There's Bea'' in Melbourne, Australia (October 15–27, 2002)

''And Then There's Bea'' in Sydney, Australia (October 29 – November 10, 2002)

''Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends'' in Toronto, Canada (November 20 – December 8, 2002)

''And Then There's Bea'' in Johannesburg, South Africa (August 12–24, 2003)

''And Then There's Bea'' in Cape Town, South Africa (August 26 – September 7, 2003)

''Bea Arthur at The Savoy'' in London, England (September 15 – October 18, 2003)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Los Angeles, California (January 31 – February 1, 2004)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Saugatuck, Michigan (May 22–23, 2004)

''A Celebration of Life'' in Washington, D.C. (May 26, 2004)

''Bea Arthur at the El Portal'' in North Hollywood, California (August 5–8, 2004)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Provincetown, Massachusetts (August 21, 2004)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Columbus, Georgia (October 30, 2004)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Nyack, New York (March 4–6, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Fort Wayne, Indiana (April 17, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Mount Pleasant, Michigan (April 19, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Atlantic City, New Jersey (June 3–4, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Holmdel, New Jersey (June 7, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Las Vegas, Nevada (August 27, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Hampton, Virginia (September 16–17, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Alexandria, Virginia (September 22, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Geneva, New York (September 24, 2005)

''Bea Arthur Back on Broadway (at 95th Street)'' in New York, New York (November 21, 2005)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in San Francisco, California (January 7, 2006)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Salem, Oregon (January 21, 2006)

''Bea Arthur Back at the El Portal'' in North Hollywood, California (February 16–19, 2006)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in Scottsdale, Arizona (February 24–25, 2006)

''An Evening with Bea Arthur'' in University Park, Illinois (March 19, 2006)

References

External links

Bea Arthur Interview at Archive of American Television

Bea Arthur at The Comedy Hall of Fame

Kirsten Fermaglich, Beatrice Arthur, Jewish Women Encyclopedia

CBC obituary

''N.Y. Times'' obituary

"Huffington Post" article about her death

''L.A. Times'' memorial

''Entertainment Weekly'' article about her death

Beatrice Arthur – Daily Telegraph obituary

Category:1922 births Category:2009 deaths Category:Actors from New York City Category:Actors Studio alumni Category:American comedians Category:American female singers Category:American Jews Category:American musical theatre actors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:American television personalities Category:Cancer deaths in California Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Women comedians Category:Jewish actors Category:Jewish comedians Category:Jewish feminists Category:Jewish activists Category:American women's rights activists Category:LGBT rights activists from the United States Category:Mame Category:Tony Award winners Category:People from Cambridge, Maryland Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:United States Marines Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American Jews Category:People from New York City

cy:Beatrice Arthur da:Beatrice Arthur de:Beatrice Arthur et:Beatrice Arthur es:Beatrice Arthur fr:Beatrice Arthur gl:Beatrice Arthur hr:Beatrice Arthur it:Beatrice Arthur he:ביאטריס ארתור la:Beatrix Arthur nl:Beatrice Arthur no:Bea Arthur pt:Beatrice Arthur ru:Беатрис Артур simple:Bea Arthur sh:Beatrice Arthur fi:Beatrice Arthur sv:Beatrice Arthur tl:Beatrice Arthur tr:Beatrice Arthur uk:Беатрис Артур

Arthur Rock (born August 19, 1926) is an American venture capitalist of Silicon Valley, California. He was an early investor in major firms including Intel, Apple Computer, Scientific Data Systems and Teledyne.

He graduated with a Bachelor's degree in business administration from Syracuse University in 1948 and earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1951.

Rock started his career in 1951 as a security analyst in New York City, and then joined the corporate finance department of Hayden, Stone & Company, where he focused on raising money for small high-technology companies.

After graduating from Harvard, he worked as an investment banker in New York. In 1957, when the Traitorous Eight left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Rock was the one who helped them find Sherman Fairchild to start Fairchild Semiconductor.

In 1961, he moved to California. Along with Thomas J. Davis, Jr., formed the San Francisco venture capital firm Davis & Rock. In 2003, Rock donated $25 million to the Harvard Business School to establish the Arthur Rock Center for Entrepreneurship.

He is married to lawyer Toni Rembe.

References

See also

Rock's Law

Category:1926 births Category:Living people Category:American businesspeople Category:Venture capitalists Category:Harvard Business School alumni Category:Syracuse University alumni Category:American billionaires

Dusty Limits is a cabaret singer and comedian based in the United Kingdom, and one of the leading figures on the “new cabaret” scene.

Biography

Dusty Limits first appeared in cabaret in Brisbane, Australia, and made his European debut in 1999. He has a three-and-a-half octave vocal range, and is notable for his interpretations of the songs of Kurt Weill, Cole Porter, Noël Coward, Tom Waits, Stephen Sondheim, Jacques Brel, Portishead, Tom Lehrer, David Bowie and Nick Cave. He also writes original songs, usually with a macabre or satirical twist, including such songs as "I Am A Jolly Self-Harmer" and "Cocaine Socialist".

Since 1992, he has also performed as an actor on stage and film, sometimes also performing under the name of Dorian Black. From 2003 to 2005, he had his own monthly show in London under the titles ''Dusty Limits and Friends'' and ''Dusty Limits Etc''. Since 2003 he has performed every year at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, either in his own one-man cabarets and as host and programmer of variety nights including the Vaudeville at the Bongo Club. He most recently hosted the Bongo Club Cabaret in 2010. He was also for a number of years a judge and occasionally compere for the Tap Water Awards.

He has appeared on the bill with many of the leading performers in the worlds of neo-Weimar cabaret and burlesque, including Amanda Palmer, Camille O'Sullivan, Justin Bond, Meow Meow, Miss Behave, Empress Stah, Jonny Woo, The Luminescent Orchestrii, Fancy Chance, Paul L Martin, Immodesty Blaize, Kittie Klaw, Roxy Velvet, Gill Manly, Taylor Mac, Amy G, Baby Dee, Daniel Isengart, Ali McGregor, Nathan Evans and Holly Penfield. He appeared at the Royal Vauxhall Tavern in an evening of celebrity interviews which included Ruby Wax, Miriam Margolyes and Belinda Lang.

In 2004, he performed at the Brisbane International Cabaret Festival. In 2006, he performed at Don't Tell Mama and Joe's Pub in New York City. He also appeared on the bill of Weimar New York at the Spiegeltent in 2007.

In 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Dusty Limits hosted a nightly revue at the Bongo Club Cabaret. In 2007, he was winner in the Ministry of Burlesque Awards for both Best Male Singer and Best Male Performer. Ministry of Burlesque performance at Glasgow's High Tease

In October 2007, he premiered a new show, ''The Picture of Dusty Limits'', co-hosted by burlesque sword-swallower Miss Behave. It featured a number of original songs by Dusty Limits and his musical collaborator and accompanist, Michael Roulston. It has been reprised several times, being largely rewritten and updated each time. Most recently, he performed a completely revised version of the show at the Famous Spiegeltent as part of the Edinburgh Fringe, garnering 5-star reviews.

In 2008, Dusty Limits appeared as a guest performer in the sell-out season of Miss Behave's Variety Nighty at The Roundhouse in Camden, North London. He has also been engaged in writing for ''Mr Donne's Particular Cabinet'', a full-length 'narrative cabaret' show.

From 2007 to 2009 Dusty has programmed and hosted a monthly new-cabaret showcase at the Royal Vauxhall Tavern called first ''Kabarett'' and then ''KUNST'', which means 'Art' in German. The night features both established and up-and-coming performers and has included a number of noteworthy artists on the European cabaret circuit, such as Fancy Chance, Frisky and Mannish, Bourgeois and Maurice, Chrisalys, Desmond O'Connor and Lucifire.

In 2009 he was one of four major neo-cabaret artists to perform as part of ''Space Oddities'', an evening of cabaret dedicated to retro-futurism. The others were Ruby Blues, Jonny Woo and Empress Stah.

He has appeared every year from 2002 in the Battersea Barge pantomime, which he has written and directed several times. Most recently, he performed as Hildegaard Von Boss, in ''Cinderella and the Glass Ceiling''.

In 2008 he co-produced a mock wedding which included performances by many of London's top cabaret and burlesque artistes.

In May 2010 he was one of a handful of top London cabaret artists to perform at the ''Time Out'' Alternative Eurovision competition. He performed an original song entitled "Je Suis Eurostar", a parody of Eurovision, under the name 'Dana Euronational'. He is shortly to perform as part of the Grimeborn Festival in a short experimental opera piece entitled ''CROW'', with music by Michael Roulston. He most recently appeared at the Famous Spiegeltent as part of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in his one-man show ''The Picture of Dusty Limits'', to outstanding reviews.,, ' Dusty was also interviewed for the BBC Radio 2 program ''Come to the Cabaret'', which featured interviewees including Lisa Appignanesi, Paloma Faith, Julian Clary, Amy Saunders, Immodesty Blaize and Barry Cryer and was hosted by Paul O'Grady.

In January 2011, Dusty was one of ten cabaret artists who had their own ''Time Out London'' cover in a special edition celebrating the resurgence of cabaret.

Media

2010

Dusty interviewed for BBC Radio 2 program, ''Come to the Cabaret'', hosted by Paul O'Grady. Dusty speaks mainly on the history of Berlin cabaret and the role of the Emcee.

2009

Dusty establishes a public blog

2008

Dusty Limits was one of three cabaret performers profiled by a ''Newsweek'' article examining the resurgence of cabaret, the others being Michael Feinstein and Ute Lemper.

Dusty was featured on the cover of ''TIme Out'' issue 1958, the Sex and Books issue, as part of a group of five leading burlesque artistes, and solo on page 20 where he is posed reading a book in a standing pose.

Te ''Time Out'' review of 2008 (December 18 edition) named Dusty Limits as one of the four main neo-cabaret guards, (along with Jonny Woo, Justin Bond and Empress Stah) who had done "exceptional work". In the same issue he was also one of the 10 "scene leaders" invited to share their personal highlights of the year in the Social Club section feature.

2007

References

External links

Dusty Limit's home page

Dusty Limits Sings 'Jolly Self Harmer' (Video)

Old showreel

Interview on Bonobo Presents

Category:Cabaret singers

name	Regina Spektor
background	solo_singer
born	February 18, 1980
origin	New York, U.S.
birth place	Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
instrument	Piano, Vocals, Guitar, Bass Guitar
genre	Anti-folk, indie rock, baroque pop, blues, pop
voice type	Mezzo-Soprano
occupation	Singer, songwriter, record producer
years active	1999–present
label	Sire/Warner Bros. Records
associated acts	Sondre Lerche, Ben Folds, Kill Kenada, the Strokes, Dufus
website	http://www.reginaspektor.com
notable instruments	Steinway & Sons piano Epiphone Wildkat guitar}}

Regina Ilyinichna Spektor (, , ; born February 18, 1980) is a Russian American singer-songwriter and pianist. Her music is associated with the anti-folk scene centered in New York City's East Village.

Early life

Spektor was born in Moscow, USSR in 1980 to a musical Russian Jewish family. Her father, Ilya Spektor, is a photographer and amateur violinist. Her mother, Bella Spektor, was a music professor in a Russian college of music and now teaches at a public elementary school in Mount Vernon, New York. She has a brother Barry (Bear), who was featured in track 7, "* * *", or "Whisper", of her 2004 album, ''Soviet Kitsch''.

She learned how to play piano by practicing on a Petrof upright that was given to her mother by her grandfather. She was also exposed to the music of rock and roll bands such as The Beatles, Queen, and The Moody Blues by her father, who obtained such recordings in Eastern Europe and traded cassettes with friends in the Soviet Union. The family left the Soviet Union in 1989, when Regina was nine and a half, during the period of Perestroika, when Soviet citizens were permitted to emigrate. Regina had to leave her piano behind. The seriousness of her piano studies led her parents to consider not leaving the USSR, but they finally decided to emigrate, due to the ethnic and political discrimination that Jews faced. Spektor is fluent in Russian and reads Hebrew, and has since paid tribute to her Russian heritage, quoting the poem ''February'' by the famous Russian poet Boris Pasternak in her song ''Après Moi'', and stating “I’m very connected to the language and the culture.”

Traveling first to Austria and then Italy, the family was admitted to the United States as refugees with the assistance of HIAS (the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society) and settled in The Bronx, where Spektor graduated from the SAR Academy, a Jewish day middle school in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. She then attended high school for two years at the Frisch School, a yeshiva in Paramus, New Jersey, but transferred to a public school, Fair Lawn High School, in Fair Lawn, New Jersey, where she finished the last two years of her high school education.

Beginnings as a songwriter

In New York, Spektor studied classical piano with Sonia Vargas, a professor at the Manhattan School of Music, until she was 17; Spektor's father had met Vargas through her husband, violinist Samuel Marder. Although the family had been unable to bring their piano from Russia, Spektor found a piano on which to play in the basement of her synagogue, and also practiced on tabletops and other hard surfaces.

Spektor was originally interested only in classical music, but later became interested in hip hop, rock and punk as well. Although she had always made up songs around the house, Spektor first became interested in more formal songwriting during a visit to Israel with the Nesiya Institute in her teenage years when she attracted attention from the other children on the trip for the songs she made up while hiking and realized she had an aptitude for songwriting.

Following this trip, she was exposed to the work of Joni Mitchell, Ani DiFranco, and other singer-songwriters, which encouraged her belief that she could create her own songs. She wrote her first a cappella songs around the age of 16 and her first songs for voice and piano when she was nearly 18.

Spektor completed the four-year studio composition program of the Conservatory of Music at Purchase College within three years, graduating with honors in 2001. Around this time, she also worked briefly at a butterfly farm in Luck, Wisconsin, and studied in Tottenham, ( a suburb of London) for one semester.

She gradually achieved recognition through performances in the anti-folk scene in downtown New York City, often as a duo with drummer Anders Griffen, and most importantly at the East Village's Sidewalk Cafe, but also at the Living Room, Tonic, Fez, the Knitting Factory, and CB's Gallery. She also performed at local colleges (such as Sarah Lawrence College) with other musicians, including the Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players. She sold self-published CDs at her performances during this period: ''11:11'' (2001) and ''Songs'' (2002). In 2004, she signed a contract with Warner Brothers' record label Sire Records to publish and distribute her third album ''Soviet Kitsch'', originally self-released in 2003.

Style

Spektor has said that she has created a great number of songs, but that she rarely writes any of them down. She has also stated that she never aspired to write songs herself, but songs seem to just flow to her. Spektor's songs are not usually autobiographical, but rather are based on scenarios and characters drawn from her imagination. Her songs show influences from folk, punk, rock, Jewish, Russian, hip hop, jazz, and classical music. Spektor has said that she works hard to ensure that each of her songs has its own musical style, rather than trying to develop a distinctive style for her music as a whole.

Spektor has a broad vocal range and uses the full extent of it. She also explores a variety of different and somewhat unorthodox vocal techniques, such as verses composed entirely of buzzing noises made with the lips and beatbox-style flourishes in the middle of ballads, and also makes use of such unusual musical techniques as using a drum stick to tap rhythms on the body of the piano or chair. Part of her style also results from the exaggeration of certain aspects of vocalization, most notably the glottal stop, which is prominent in the single "Fidelity". She also uses a strong New York accent on some words, which she has said is due to her love of New York and its culture.

Her lyrics are equally eclectic, often taking the form of abstract narratives or first-person character studies, similar to short stories or vignettes put to song. Spektor usually sings in English, though she sometimes includes a few words or verses of Latin, Russian, French, and other languages in her songs. She also plays with pronunciations, which she said on a NPR interview to be a remnant of her early years when she listened to pop in English without understanding the lyrics. Some of Spektor's lyrics include literary allusions, such as to F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway in "Poor Little Rich Boy", ''The Little Prince'' in "Baobabs", Virginia Woolf and Margaret Atwood in "Paris", Ezra Pound and William Shakespeare in "Pound of Flesh", Shakespeare's ''Hamlet'' in "The Virgin Queen", Boris Pasternak in "Après Moi", Samson and Delilah in "Samson", and ''Oedipus the King'' in "Oedipus", Billie Holiday in "Lady" and Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome in "2.99 cent blues". She alludes to The Beatles and Paul McCartney in the song "Edit". She also used a line from Joni Mitchell's California in her song "The Devil Came to Bethlehem". Recurring themes and topics in Spektor's lyrics include love, death, religion (particularly Biblical and Jewish references), city life (particularly New York references), and certain key phrases have been known to recur in different songs by Spektor, such as references to gravediggers, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and the name "Mary Ann". Spektor's use of satire is evident in "Wasteside," which refers to ''The Twelve Chairs'', the classic satirical novel by the Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, and describes the town in which people are born, get their hair cut, and then are sent to the cemetery.

In Spektor's early albums, many of her tracks had a very dry vocal production, with very little reverb or delay added. However, Spektor's more recent albums, particularly ''Begin to Hope'', have put more emphasis into song production and have relied more on traditional pop and rock instruments. Spektor says the records that most impact her are those of "bands whose music is really involved", specifically naming The Beatles, Bob Dylan, Billie Holiday, Radiohead, Tom Waits, and Frédéric Chopin as primary influences.

In her songs, "Eet", "Us" and "Après Moi" the titular sounds are used as the focal point throughout. (In "Dance Anthem of the 80's", the sound "eet" is also used often, on words such as "meat", "street", and "eat").

Performances

Spektor's first nationwide tour was accompanying The Strokes as the opening act on their 2003–2004 ''Room on Fire'' tour, during which she and the band performed and recorded "Modern Girls & Old Fashion Men". Kings of Leon were the second opening act on that tour, and they invited Regina to open for them on their own European tour right after The Strokes tour. In June 2005, Spektor was the opening act for the English piano rock band Keane on their North American tour, during which she performed at Radio City Music Hall on June 7, 2005. During her 2006 headlining tour in support of the ''Begin to Hope'' album, Spektor sold out a performance at Messiah College in Grantham, Pennsylvania, and two shows at Town Hall Theater in New York City on September 27 and September 28, 2006.

Spektor has appeared on ''The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien'' (once), ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'' (three times), ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno'' (twice), ''Jimmy Kimmel Live'' (twice), ''Last Call with Carson Daly'' (five times), ''Late Show with David Letterman'' (twice), ''Late Night with Jimmy Fallon'' (twice), ''CBS News Sunday Morning, Good Morning America'' (twice), ''Australia's Rove Live, and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson'' (twice). On October 10, 2009 she performed on ''Saturday Night Live''.

Since January 2005, Spektor has performed on a bright red Baldwin baby grand piano. At the present time she uses exclusively Steinway & Sons pianos. She plays a seafoam Epiphone Wildkat archtop hollow-body electric guitar.

Although she generally only performs original material, Spektor occasionally performs covers. Most famous of these covers were her performances of songs by Leonard Cohen and Madonna, for the 2nd Annual Jewish Music & Heritage Festival at the 92nd Street Y in New York City. In 2006 and 2007, Spektor embarked on a headlining tour of the U.S. and Europe, selling out numerous clubs and theaters. She covered John Lennon's "Real Love" at the performance arts center of her alma mater, State University of New York at Purchase, on March 28, 2007, at a benefit concert for the Conservatory of Music. In 2007, Spektor recorded "Real Love" for the ''Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur'' CD, which was released in June of that year. She recorded a version of the song for Triple J's Like a Version radio segment which was shown on jTV.

On March 8, 2007, Spektor appeared on the British ITV network's ''Loose Women'', promoting and performing "Fidelity" live, and on April 20, 2007, she performed on the ''Late Show with David Letterman''. On Saturday, April 28, 2007, she appeared at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. On Friday, May 18, 2007, she appeared on BBC1's ''Friday Night with Jonathan Ross''. On June 16, 2007, she performed at the Bonnaroo Music Festival and later performed at the 2007 Lollapalooza on August 4, 2007 and Virgin Festival on August 5, 2007 in Baltimore, Maryland. On September 16, 2007, she performed at the Austin City Limits Music Festival and recorded a set for the Austin City Limits TV show the following day. She performed acoustic at the Bridge School Benefit at Shoreline Amphitheatre on October 27 and October 28, 2007.

On November 14, 2007, at her concert at Ryman Auditorium, in Nashville, it was announced that Spektor collapsed during the sound check and was taken to a local emergency room. According to the statement given to the audience, Spektor was fine, but doctors said that she could not perform that night. It was later reported that the cause of the collapse was an inner ear infection which caused intense vertigo. The show was initially rescheduled for December 6, 2007, but the date was once again rescheduled, and the concert finally occurred on February 29, 2008. After her initial collapse in Nashville, she was able to perform in concerts at Mountain Stage on November 18, 2007, and at Duke University on November 19, 2007.

In conjunction with the release of her 2009 album ''Far'', Spektor was headlining at Serpentine Sessions, a series of concerts London's Hyde Park on June 29, 2009. Other European performances in 2009 include Glastonbury Festival, Hultsfred Festival, Oxegen 2009, T in the Park, Paradiso (Amsterdam), Latitude Festival, and Rock Werchter. Spektor has invited Brooklyn-based rock band Jupiter One to open concerts on her 2009 North American tour. As a part of that tour, on October 14, 2009 Spektor headlined a concert at the Radio City Music Hall in NYC.

On July 7, 2010, Regina performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux, Switzerland. Her cellist, Dan Cho, drowned the day before while swimming in Lake Geneva near the Chillon Castle. She was described as distraught, shaken, and in tears and took several breaks to regain her composure.

Media coverage

Since 2005, Spektor's music has been used in various television programs and commercials. In late 2005 "Us" (from ''Soviet Kitsch'') was used in a commercial as part of the ''What Do You Want To Watch?'' series for the United Kingdom's British Sky Broadcasting. The advert features a clip from a documentary on skateboarder Danny Way. In the summer of 2006, a clip from "Us" was used for the teaser website for Microsoft's Zune project at ComingZune.com, as well as for a promotional campaign for MtvU. The same track is used by Dutch telecom company KPN in a commercial. "Somedays" was used in a 2005 episode of ''CSI: NY'' and "Samson" was used in a 2006 episode of the same series. "On the Radio" was used in an episode of ABC's ''Grey's Anatomy''. "Field Below" was used in a 2006 episode titled "The Last Word" of CBS's ''Criminal Minds''. "Fidelity" has also been used in an episode of ''Grey's Anatomy'' titled "Six Days, Part 2", ''Veronica Mars'' titled "Wichita Linebacker", ''Brothers & Sisters'' titled "Sexual Politics", during the end credits of ''Love and Other Drugs'', and in the Brazilian telenovela ''A Favorita''. "Better" is currently being used in a commercial for XM Satellite Radio, an episode of "How I Met Your Mother", and the popular film ''My Sister's Keeper''. Her song "Music Box" is currently being used in a commercial for JC Penney. Spektor also sang the title song "Little Boxes" of Showtime's television series ''Weeds'' in the episode "Mile Deep and a Foot Wide" (2006) and her "Ghost of Corporate Future" was used both at the beginning and end of the episode. On January 21, 2007, she was featured on ''CBS News Sunday Morning''.

Spektor received increased attention in 2006 when her video for "Fidelity" was viewed over 200,000 times in two days on YouTube. On Sirius Radio's Left of Center channel, her single "Fidelity" was voted by listeners as the #1 song of 2006. Towards the end of 2006, VH1 showcased her as part of their "You Oughta Know: Artists on the Rise" featurettes: they played clips from the "Fidelity" music video and showed parts of an interview with Spektor during commercial breaks on the channel. Spektor was recently named #3 on VH1's Top Artists Charts.

Peter Gabriel recorded a version of "Après Moi" on his 2010 release ''Scratch My Back''.

In Australia, Spektor's music has rapidly gained popularity in mainstream culture primarily due to ''Begin to Hope'' being played on the nation-wide radio station Triple J, where it eventually became a feature album. Prior to ''Begin to Hope'', Spektor had only a small following in Australia in comparison to the US and Europe.

Spektor reached #33 on ''Blender'' magazine's top 100 of 2006 and was also listed as one of the "Hottest Women of...Rock!". "Fidelity" was also used in a 2007 television commercial in New Zealand advertising Yahoo!Xtra, a new partnership between Yahoo! and Telecom's Xtra ISP. Also in 2007, the mobile phone company Vodafone used her lyric, "Come into my world..." from the track, "Hotel Song" on ''Begin to Hope'', in an extensive TV advertising campaign in the UK and Ireland.

On October 1, 2007, Spektor's new video for "Better" was released on VH1 and YouTube, where it was viewed more than 100,000 times within the first 24 hours. "Fidelity" was used in the trailer for the film ''27 Dresses'', released on October 3, 2007.

Her song "The Call" appeared prominently in ''The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian'', as part of the film's finale sequence. Spektor's song "Better" was used in the movie ''My Sister's Keeper'', loosely based on the novel of the same name by Jodi Picoult. A section of "That Time" was featured in the film ''In Bruges''. Additionally, "Us" and "Hero" are both featured on the soundtrack for the film ''(500) Days of Summer''. ''Spin'' magazine profiled Spektor in their July 2009 issue, where she discussed her just-released album ''Far''. The story was released in their digital edition that month, as well. In August 2009, the song "Two Birds" was used in the 2009 Fall Campaign of the Polish TV station TVN. Also Regina's song "Eet" debuted on the show ''90210'' in April 2010.

On September 16, 2009, it was announced that Spektor would write the music for the musical ''Beauty'', a modern adaptation of the Grimms' fairy tale ''Sleeping Beauty'', which is set to open during the 2011–12 Broadway season.

In May 2010, Spektor performed for President Obama and his wife Michelle along with hundreds of other guests at the White House reception in honor of Jewish Heritage Month. She sang "Us" and "The Sword & the Pen," receiving a standing ovation begun by Michelle Obama.

The song "Human of the Year" featured prominently in the trailer and first episode of the 2011 HBO series ''Enlightened''.

Philanthropy

In 2007, she covered John Lennon's "Real Love" for ''Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur''. The following year, she participated in ''Songs for Tibet'', an initiative to support the human rights situation in Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama. The album was issued on August 5, 2008, via iTunes and on August 19 in music stores around the world. On January 22, 2009, Spektor performed at the third annual Roe On The Rocks gig at the Bowery Ballroom to raise money for Planned Parenthood New York City. Also, continuing with her support for Tibet, Regina Spektor played for Tibet House's annual concert at Carnegie Hall on February 26, 2010. Less than one month later, on March 23, 2010, Spektor gave a concert at the Fillmore at Irving Plaza in New York City to raise funds for the work of Doctors Without Borders in Haiti. Also, on April 27, she released a cover of Radiohead's song "No Surprises" with all proceeds going to Doctors Without Borders to help the earthquake victims in Haiti and Chile.

Discography

2001: ''11:11''

2002: ''Songs''

2004: ''Soviet Kitsch ''

2006: ''Begin to Hope''

2009: ''Far''

2012: ''What We Saw From The Cheap Seats''

Singles

Year	Single	Peak chart positions	Album
!style="width:1em"	!style="width:1em"	!style="width:1em"	!style="width:1em"	!style="width:1em"	!style="width:1em"	!style="width:1em"
"Your Honour / The Flowers"
	"Laughing With"								align="left" rowspan="2"
"Eet"
									charity download

Awards

''Begin to Hope'' – Shortlist Music Prize (nominated)

Studio8's Female Voice of August 2009 (won)

References

External links

Official site

"Regina Spektor" interview by Noel Murray (from ''The A.V. Club'', 21 June 2006)

Interview from ''Soundcheck'', WNYC, 13 September 2005

Interview from ''All Things Considered'', National Public Radio, 28 June 2006

Strangers Almanac Column on Regina Spektor from Glide Magazine

NPR - All Songs Considered 7/22/2009 - Regina Spektor: When Every Sound Sings

Category:1980 births Category:American female guitarists Category:American female singers Category:American mezzo-sopranos Category:American pianists Category:American singer-songwriters Category:Female rock singers Category:American Jews Category:Jewish American musicians Category:Living people Category:Musicians from New York City Category:Russian emigrants to the United States Category:Musicians from Moscow Category:People from the Bronx Category:American people of Russian descent Category:American musicians of Russian descent Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent Category:State University of New York at Purchase alumni Category:Soviet emigrants to the United States Category:Anti-folk musicians Category:Sire Records artists Category:Russian singers

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