Edward Said on the Palestinian People (1989)
The Palestinian people (
Levantine Arabic:
الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha'b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as
Palestinians (Levantine Arabic:
الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn), are the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in
Palestine over the centuries, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically
Arab due to Arabization of the region.
Despite various wars and exoduses, roughly one half of the world's
Palestinian population continues to reside in historic Palestine, the area encompassing the
West Bank, the
Gaza Strip and
Israel. In this combined area, as of 2004, Palestinians constituted 49% of all inhabitants, encompassing the entire population of the Gaza Strip (1.6 million), the majority of the population of the West Bank (approximately 2.3 million versus close to
500,
000 Jewish Israeli citizens which includes about
200,000 in
East Jerusalem), and 16.5% of the population of Israel proper as
Arab citizens of Israel. Many are
Palestinian refugees or internally displaced Palestinians, including more than a million in the Gaza Strip, three-quarters of a million in the West Bank, and about a quarter of a million in Israel proper. Of the Palestinian population who live abroad, known as the
Palestinian diaspora, more than half are stateless lacking citizenship in any country. 3.24 million of the diaspora population live in neighboring
Jordan where they make up approximately half the population, 1.5 million live between
Syria and Lebanon, a quarter of a million in
Saudi Arabia, with
Chile's half a million representing the largest concentration outside the
Arab world.
Genetic analysis suggests that a majority of the Muslims of Palestine, inclusive of Arab citizens of Israel, are descendants of Christians,
Jews and other earlier inhabitants of the southern Levant whose core may reach back to prehistoric times. A study of high-resolution haplotypes demonstrated that a substantial portion of
Y chromosomes of
Israeli Jews (70%) and of
Palestinian Muslim Arabs (82%) belonged to the same chromosome pool. Since the time of the
Muslim conquests in the
7th century, religious conversions have resulted in Palestinians being predominantly
Sunni Muslim by religious affiliation, though there is a significant
Palestinian Christian minority of various
Christian denominations, as well as Druze and a small
Samaritan community. Though
Palestinian Jews made up part of the population of Palestine prior to
the creation of the State of Israel, few identify as "Palestinian" today. Acculturation, independent from conversion to
Islam, resulted in Palestinians being linguistically and culturally Arab. The vernacular of Palestinians, irrespective of religion, is the Palestinian dialect of
Arabic. Many Arab citizens of Israel including Palestinians are bilingual and fluent in
Hebrew.
The history of a distinct Palestinian national identity is a disputed issue amongst scholars.
Legal historian Assaf Likhovski states that the prevailing view is that
Palestinian identity originated in the early decades of the
20th century. "Palestinian" was used to refer to the nationalist concept of a
Palestinian people by the
Arabs of Palestine in a limited way until
World War I. The first demand for national independence of the Levant was issued by the Syrian--Palestinian
Congress on
21 September 1921. After the creation of the State of Israel, the exodus of 1948, and more so after the exodus of 1967, the term came to signify not only a place of origin, but also the sense of a shared past and future in the form of a
Palestinian state. According to
Rashid Khalidi, the modern Palestinian people now understand their identity as encompassing the heritage of all ages from biblical times up to the
Ottoman period.
Founded in 1964, the
Palestine Liberation Organization (
PLO) is an umbrella organization for groups that represent the Palestinian people before the international community.
The Palestinian National Authority, officially established as a result of the
Oslo Accords, is an interim administrative body nominally responsible for governance in Palestinian population centers in the
West Bank and Gaza Strip. Since 1978, the
United Nations has observed an annual
International Day of
Solidarity with the
Palestinian People.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinians